Effects of homogeneity and heterogeneity of variance components in different levels of herd-year size on genetic parameters for milk yield of Iranian Holsteins
J.
Ehsaninia
PhD Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
N.
Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
A. A.
Shadparvar
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This study was conducted to investigate the homogeneity of variance components for milk yield (MY) and to assess the effects of different data transformation methods on the ranking of elite animals in Iranian Holstein cows. Data sets included 245192 records for 1st lactation period, 202078 records for 2nd lactation and 147253 records for 3rd lactation collected from 1983 to 2014 by the Animal Breeding Center and promotion of Animal Products of Iran. Records were classified into three different groups based on herd-year size. Four different data transformation methods including Logarithmic, Arc sin, Square root and Box-Cox were applied and the data were tested for heterogeneity of variance before and after using Bartlett’s test. The results indicated the heterogeneity of variance in all three groups (P < 0.01) before transformation. Yet, data transformation did not result in homogeneity of variance across the herd size classes. The Square root and Box-Cox transformation methods decreased the heterogeneity of variance components in the first lactation period while other methods had no effect in adjusting the heterogeneity of any groups. Heritability and estimated breeding values (EBVs) were obtained for non-transformed data using different methods based on animal model using VCE program. Heritability varied from 0.142 to 0.184 in single trait analysis and 0.143 to 0.221 in multi trait analysis. Some re-ranking of animals occurred after data transformation, but the Box-Cox method had a small effect on overall rankings and Spearman's rank correlations of animals. The applied transformation caused a substantial re-ranking of EBVs of elite sire and dams considering herd size. Data transformation for adjusting heterogeneity of variance caused different proportions of top sires and dams to be excluded from lists when compared to the homogenous variance scenario. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of the evaluation and selection efficiency of milk yield, when evaluating the genetic of Holstein cows it is necessary to consider heterogeneity of variance.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
1
13
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1634_5d39aadeae10f038f1c623312f97cb72.pdf
Identification of available mutations in the first-half (from 5’ end) of exon 2 of GDF9 gene in crossbred sheep from crossing of Romanov and Lori-Bakhtiari breeds
R.
Khodabakhshzadeh
MSc Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
M. R.
Mohammadabadi
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
H.
Moradi-Shahrebabak
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
A.
Esmailizadeh Koshkoieh
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
For decreasing the number of breeding ewes on pastures and prevention of demolition pastures, it seems that animal breeding programs are benefit for identifying effective candidate genes on litter size in Iranian sheep breeds and using those. The TGFβ family genes are one of the most important effective factors on litter size in sheep. The GDF9 gene is one of the most important members from this family. The aim of the present study was to identify available mutations in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in crossbred sheep (Romanov rams × Lori-Bakhtiari ewes) using PCR-SSCP. In this study, after extraction genomic DNA from blood samples of 36 crossbred animals with 3-6 months old (17 males and 19 females), the first region (from 5’ end) of exon 2 (634bp segments) of GDF9 gene was amplified using PCR. The single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) patterns of PCR products were studied using acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining method and then from any pattern one sample sequenced. In the studied population, 3 banding patterns 1, 2, and 3 obtained with frequencies of 0.305, 0.584 and 0.111, respectively. The sequencing results showed presence of 4 mutations (471, 477, 520 and 721 situations) in the studied population.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
15
26
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1635_ad3cbe03998264c7ff6a2779108be9d3.pdf
Effect of adding di-ammonium citrate and urea to the diet on performance of broiler chickens under heat stress
A.
Mohit
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
H.
Chezgi
MSc Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
M.
Mohiti-Asli
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of blood uric acid on performance and resistance of broilers under heat stress. 200 day old Ross 308 chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chicks in each replicate. Chickens were fed from 24 days of age with diets containing 0.35 (U0.35) and 0.70 (U0.70) % of urea and 1.29 (A1.29) and 2.58 (A2.58) % of di-ammonium citrate and without urea or di-ammonium citrate. During the experiment, weight gain, average feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly. Heat stress was applied with exposing the birds to a 35 ± 1 ˚C temperature from 28 days of age onwards. At 27 and 41 days of age, two birds from each replicate were selected randomly and blood samples were collected from brachial vein to determine the concentration of serum uric acid and malondialdehyde. The results showed that at 36-42 days of experiment, the FCR of A2.58 (1.96) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in U0.7 (2.38), but there was no significant difference with control (2.05) group (P>0.05). The content of serum uric acid of U0.7 at 27 and 41 days (2.38 and 6.03 mg/dL respectively) was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). The content of serum malondialdehyde was significantly lower in U0.7 (0.923 μmol/L) and A2.58 (1.06 μmol/L) than control (1.28 μmol/L) group at 41 days of age (P<0.05). This study showed that the addition of urea or diammonium citrate to broiler diet can improve oxidative stress by increasing the concentration of uric acid.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
27
36
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1636_dc82341bef93fa40e5e4eadd1979bb39.pdf
Comparing antibacterial effect of different extracts of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and its effects on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal microflora population in broiler chicks exposed to heat stress
Z.
Taraz
Ph.D student, Faculty of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan; Scientific Affair of Animal Science Department, Gonbad Kavoos University, Gonbad, Iran
author
M.
Shams Shargh
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
author
F.
Samadi
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
author
P.
Ebrahimi
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
author
S.
Zerehdaran
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicory extract in the diet of broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 dietary treatments, 4 replicates of 20 broiler chicks (1 d old) in each. Treatments consisted of a corn diet - soy as a basal diet (control) and basal diet containing three levels of 150, 250 and 350 mg ethyl acetate extract of chicory per kg and probiotic the recommended amount per kilogram of feed. Chicory was extracted using four different solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) and the most effective extracts in vitro antibacterial properties were determined by disk diffusion method and by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. The most antibacterial effect against E.coli was observed to the ethyl acetate extract. Effects of ethyl acetate extract were investigated on nutrient digestibility and microbial population of the gastrointestinal tractof broilers under heat stress. To determine the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat feed sampling and ileum with chromium oxide marker was used. The results showed that the use of the chicks chicory extract reduced the number of E. coli bacteria and increase the number of lactobacilli in the digestive tract. Digestible of protein and fat under the influence of chicory extract showed a significant increase. In the digestibility of dry matter in different treatments were not affected by treatments (P<0.05).It is concluded that improvement in the microflora and digestibility was expected with the use of ethyl acetate extract.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
37
45
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1637_3a0f05005e86ce620c6f016fcf7653a9.pdf
Effect of Enterococcus facium isolates from Coracias garrulus and Lactofeed probiotic on performance, blood parameters and intestine microflora of broiler chickens
H.
Jahanbani
MSc Student, Animal Science Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
author
S. J.
Hosseini-Vashan
Assistant Professor, Animal Science Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
author
S. E.
Ghiasi
Assistant Professor, Animal Science Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
author
A.
Mohammadi
Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Enterococcus facium isolates from intestine of Coracias Garrulus(SE) and lactofeed probiotic on performance and carcass characteristics parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 280 chicks were arranged into 28 experimental units with 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were included control, spraying Lactofeed, drinking Lactofeed and spraying+ drinking Lactofeed(LF) and spraying SE, drinking SE and spraying+ drinking SE. Spraying and drinking suspension with 1×1011 cfu were done on 1, 10, 24 and 35 days. The blood of two birds from each replicate was gathered at 28 and 42days. The body weight was increased when birds received SE and LF. The FCR were lower in birds received drinking probiotic and in spraying+ drinking SE as compared to control. The addition of SE and LF were decreased the serum cholesterol (176 vs, 121 and triglyceride (105 vs. 65)concentration of broilers. The antibody response against SRBC was increased in birds received SE and LF (8.12 vs. 5.83. The jejunum population of gram positive (4.05 vs. 18.38) and gram negative bacteria (13.68 vs. 4.99) were increased and decreased, respectively, in experimental treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of Enterococcus faciumisolates or lactofeed probiotic to water of chicks or spraying may improve the body weight and FCR, immune system and jejunum microflora of broiler chickens.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
47
61
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1638_4aac67b17aaf3f574ebd04407c69eb0b.pdf
Effect of In-ovo feeding of amino acids, albumin and dextrose on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in broilers
M.
Eslami
Graduated MSc student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
M.
Salarmoini
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of few nutrients on growth performance, some blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of broilers to 14 days of age. Three hundred and sixty fertile eggs assigned to 6 groups (including, 1: non-injected (or control 1), 2,3,4,5 and 6: injected into the amnion with 0.7 ml distilled water (control 2), blend of amino acids, albumin 20%, dextrose 20% and dextrose 10%, respectively) in a complete randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 eggs in each replicate. Injections were done into amnion by 23- gauge needle on 17.5 d of incubation. The results showed that in ovo injection of albumin increased body weight in the first day of hatch in comparison to control treatments. The relative weight of yolk sac was higher by the injection of albumin solution in comparison to control treatments on day of hatch. Chicks under control treatments also showed more blood's cholesterol and LDL at this age. The relative weight of liver in chicks hatched from eggs injected with distilled water was significantly higher than other treatments. Finally, referring to our results, it seems that in ovo injection of nutrients, especially albumin can be useful to improve chicks' performance.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
63
73
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1639_c9458656770bc0ca0237edd78ca41adc.pdf
Effect of guar meal and Hemicell enzyme on performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chicks
H.
NabipourAfrouzi
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Sari vocational University, Sari, Iran
author
M.
Rezaei
Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Fisheries, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
author
V.
Taghizadeh
Research and Development Unit, Zarbal Co., Amol, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of different levels of guar meal (0, 5, and 10 %) andHemicell enzyme (0 and 0.05 %) on performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens during grower and finisher periods in 2×3 factorial arrangement with a randomized complete block design. 360 Ross male broiler chicks with 6 treatments, 4 replicates and 15 chicks in each experimental unit in 4 blocks werereared for 42 days.During the experiment, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. To evaluate carcass components at 42 d, four birds from each treatment were selected and weights of carcass, thighs, breast, abdominal fat, liver, spleen and pancreas were determined as percentages. Results of this study indicated, using of guar meal up to 5% in the diet had no significant effect on performance and carcass components, but using of guar meal up to 10 % without enzyme in the diet compared to the control were decreased feed intake (4098.21 vs. 4346.07 g), weight gain (1822.75 vs. 2092.83 g), and increased feed conversion ratio (2.26 vs. 2.08) in total period of rearing (P<0.05). Adding of enzyme to the diet containing 10% guar meal improves feed intake and feed conversion ratio, but had no effect on weight gain (P<0.05). using of guar meal up to 10 % without Hemicell enzymein the diet compared to the control were significantly reduced carcass (70.32 vs. 71.50) and breast (32.93 vs. 33.60) Percentages (P<0.05). In general,the results of thisexperimentshowed that use of up to 5% guar meal without the use of Hemicell enzyme or up to 10 % guar meal with Hemicell enzyme in diets broiler had no adverse effect on performance and carcass components.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
4
v.
4
no.
2016
75
87
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1640_133c095ee59354869a3456f7779cf199.pdf