تاثیر جاذب طبیعی بنتونیت در کاهش اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین B1 بر عملکرد و سیستم ایمنی در جوجه های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استاد گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

4 استاد گروه فارماکولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

هدف از این آزمایش بررسی تاثیر جاذب طبیعی بنتونیت در کاهش اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین B1 بر عملکرد و سیستم ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی بود. برای اجرای آزمایش تعداد 256 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 در 4 تکرار و در هر تکرار 16 قطعه­ در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل: 1- جیره ­پایه (شاهد)؛ 2- جیره ­پایه + 5 گرم در کیلوگرم بنتونیت؛ 3- جیره­ پایه + 1 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم آفلاتوکسین B1 و 4- جیره­پایه + 1 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم آفلاتوکسین B1 + 5 گرم در کیلوگرم بنتونیت بودند. جوجه­ها، تیمارهای آزمایشی را از سن 1 الی 35 روزگی دریافت کردند. صفات مربوط به عملکرد به­صورت هفتگی اندازه­گیری شد. در سن 28 روزگی تعداد 2 پرنده از هر تکرار به­صورت تصادفی انتخاب و آنتی­ژن گلبول قرمز گوسفندی تزریق شد. در پایان دوره آزمایشی تعداد 4 پرنده از هر تیمار کشتار و وزن نسبی بخش­های مختلف لاشه و اندام­های لنفاوی آن اندازه­گیری شد. آفلاتوکسین B1 در مقایسه با جیره­ شاهد سبب کاهش افزایش وزن بدن و خوراک مصرفی و بدتر شدن ضریب تبدیل غذایی در طی دوره­های پرورشی آغازین و رشد شد (05/0P<). افزودن بنتونیت به جیره غذایی اثرات سوء آفلاتوکسین بر مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن بدن جوجه­های گوشتی را کاهش داد ولی تفاوت معنی­داری بر ضریب تبدیل غذایی نداشت. از لحاظ سیستم ایمنی، شاخص وزن نسبی بورس فابرسیوس و میزان تولید پادتن بر علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفند با مصرف جیره غذایی آلوده به آفلاتوکسین بطور معنی­دار کاهش یافت (05/0P<).  به­طور کلی مکمل­سازی جیره غذایی با بنتونیت ایرانی مورد استفاده در این آزمایش باعث کاهش اثرات منفی آفلاتوکسین بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی شد، بنابراین از این توکسین بایندر می­توان تا 5 گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان جاذب سم استفاده کرد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Bentonite as a natural adsorbent to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 on performance and immune systems in broiler chicks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Nemati 1
  • H. Janmohammadi 2
  • A. Taghizadeh 3
  • H. Maleki Nejad 4
  • Gh. Mogaddam 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,Tabriz, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Bentonite as a natural adsorbent to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 on growth performance and immune systems in broiler chicks. A total of 256 Ross 308 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments, with 4 replicate pens per treatment and 16 chicks per pen based on a completely randomized design. The following dietary treatments were applied: 1) Basal diet not containing AFB1or Bentonite  (control), 2) Basal diet + 5 g/kg Bentonite , 3) Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1, 4) Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 + 5 g/kg Bentonite. The broiler chicks were fed the experimental treatments from 1 to 35 days of age. Performance parameters were recorded weekly. At d 28, two birds of each replicate were randomly selected and injected with sheep red blood cell antigens. At the end of experiment, four birds in each treatment group were sacrificed for measurement of relative weight of various components of carcasses and lymphatic organ weights in broiler chickens. The results indicated that aflatoxin B1 decreased significantly the BW gain, feed intake and impaired feed conversion ratio in starter and grower periods compared to the control diet (P< 0.05). The addition of Bentonite to diet ameliorated significantly the negative effects of 1 mg/kg of AFB1 on feed intake and weight gain (P< 0.05) but no significant effect on feed conversion rate. Aflatoxin B1 significantly decreased antibody response to the SRBC antigen and bursa of Fabricius relative weight. The addition of bentonite in the contaminated diet not significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of aflatoxin B1 on immunity parameters. Feeding AFB1 alone caused significant increases in the relative weights of livers and preventiculos compared with the control (P< 0.05). It is concluded that addition of Iranian Bentonite used in the present study could alleviate the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 in growing broiler diets and this product can be used as a suitable toxic adsorbent in poultry nutrition up to 5 gr/kg.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aflatoxin
  • Bentonite
  • Performance
  • Immune System
  • Broiler chickens

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