اثر شکل فیزیکی و اندازه ذرات خوراک بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم مرغ و ابقای نیتروژن در مرغ های تخم گذار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی تاثیر اندازه ذرات خوراک در جیره­های آردی و پلت، تعداد 480 قطعه مرغ تخم­گذار سویه­ هایلاین W-36 در سن 27 هفتگی انتخاب و در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 3×2 شامل عامل شکل فیزیکی (آردی و پلت) و اندازه ذرات دانه ذرت (آسیاب شده با اندازه­های ریز، متوسط و درشت) مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فراسنجه­های عملکردی طی 9 هفته آزمایش رکوردبرداری و در هفته پایانی آزمایش صفات کیفی تخم­مرغ اندازه­گیری شد. در بررسی اثرات اصلی، استفاده از خوراک پلت نسبت به خوراک آردی موجب افزایش مصرف خوراک (به­ترتیب 9/97 و g 5/93)، ضریب تبدیل خوراک (به­ترتیب 94/1 و 88/1)، وزن تخم­مرغ (به­ترتیب 3/58 و g 7/57)، افزایش وزن بدن (به­ترتیب 2/73 و g 4/38)، واحد­هاو (به­ترتیب 5/81 و 5/77) و درصد زرده (به­ترتیب 9/25، 2/25) و همچنین کاهش درصد سفیده تخم­مرغ (به­ترتیب (9/63 و 6/64) شد
(05/0 >P). اثر متقابل تیمار­ها بر خوراک مصرفی معنی­دار بود (001/0>P). مصرف خوراک در تیمار جیره­ آردی با اندازه ذرات ریز (g 4/92) و متوسط (g 8/93) کمتر از تیمارهای جیره پلت بود (05/0>P). ضریب تبدیل خوراک تیمار جیره آردی با اندازه درشت (85/1) کمتر از تیمار جیره پلت با اندازه ریز (99/1) بود (05/0>P) و سایر تیمارها تفاوتی را نشان ندادند (05/0<P). اثرات اصلی و متقابل شکل فیزیکی و اندازه ذرات بر ابقا و دفع نیتروژن معنی­دار نبود. در این آزمایش، استفاده از شکل پلت خوراک سبب افزایش ضریب تبدیل خوراک شد و با افزایش اندازه ذرات خوراک یک روند بهبود در صفات عملکردی مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of physical feed form and feed particle size on performance, egg quality and nitrogen retention in laying hens

نویسنده [English]

  • S. N. Mousavi
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of feed particle size in pellet and mash diets, 480 Hy-line (W-36) hens at 27 wk of age were assigned to treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with the main factors being mash and pellet feed form, and fine, medium and coarse particle size. Productive traits were recorded during 9 weeks of experimental period and egg quality was measured at the last week of the experiment. In hens fed pelleted diets compared with those on mash diets, feed intake (97.9 and 93.5g, respectively), feed conversion ratio (1.94 and 1.88, respectively), egg weight (58.3 and 57.7g, respectively), body weight gain (73.2 and 38.4g, respectively), Haugh unit (81.5 and 77.5, respectively) and yolk percentage (25.9 and 25.2, respectively) were increased and egg albumen percentage (63.9 and 64.6, respectively) was reduced (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between feed form and feed particle size for feed intake (P<0.001). Feed intake was lower for hens fed fine (92.4g) and medium-ground (93.8g) diets than those fed pellet diets (P<0.05). FCR was reduced in hens fed coarse mash diet (1.85) compared to those fed pellet feed (1.99) with fine particle size (P<0.05) and no significant difference was observed with other treatments (P>0.05). The main effect and the interaction between feed form and feed particle size for nitrogen retention and excretion was not significant. Result of this experiment showed that FCR was inferior for hens fed pellet compared to mash feeds and increasing corn particle size tended to improve performance parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Laying hen
  • Pellet
  • Feed particle size
  • Nitrogen retention
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