اثر اسانس شوید و نعناع بر عملکرد، شاخص های رشد اسکلتی و متابولیت‌های خونی‌ ‌‌بره‌های پرواری نژاد کردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

3 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

این تحقیق‌ به منظور بررسی اثرات اسانس شوید و نعناع بر پارامترهای عملکرد و رشد، شاخص­های رشد اسکلتی و متابولیت‌های خونی‌‌‌بره‌های نر در حال رشد نژاد کردی انجام شد. در این آزمایش از 30 راس بره نر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار و ده تکرار ‌به مدت 9 هفته استفاده شد‌. ‌تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) تیمار شاهد (بدون اسانس)، 2) تیمار نعناع با 025/0 درصد اسانس نعناع بر اساس ماده خشک و 3) تیمار شوید با 025/0 درصد اسانس شوید بر اساس ماده خشک بود. از پنج بره در هر تیمار در هفته­های 1، 3، 5، 7 و 9 نمونه خون برای اندازه­گیری گلوکز، کلسترول، تری­گلیسرید و اوره و هفته­های 3، 5 و7 نمونه مایع شکمبه برای اندازه­گیری pH گرفته شد. شاخص­های رشد اسکلتی شامل ارتفاع جدوگاه، ارتفاع هیپ، دور سینه، طول بدن و فاصله هیپ تا هیپ اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع جدوگاه بین تیمار نعناع و شوید (به ترتیب 4/62 و 8/60 سانتی­متر) و دور سینه بین هر سه تیمار شاهد، شوید و نعناع (به ترتیب 76، 8/72 و 2/74 سانتی­متر) اختلاف معنی‌داری داشتند، ‌میزان کلسترول نیز در هفته نهم در شاهد به­طور معنی­داری بالاتر از تیمار نعناع و شوید (به ترتیب 58، 66/51 و 51 میلی­گرم بر دسی­لیتر) بود (05/0‌>‌P‌). افزودن اسانس اثری بر سایر شاخص­های اسکلتی، متابولیت­های خونی، مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن نداشت (05/0‌<‌P‌). بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که افزودن اسانس نعناع و شوید اثر قابل ملاحظه­ای بر عملکرد و رشد بره­های پرواری نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Mentha spicata (Spearmint) and Anethum graveolens (Dill) essence on performance, growth skeletal indices and blood metabolites of Kordi fattening lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Tohidi 1
  • R. Rahchmani 2
  • J. Bayat Kouhsar 2
  • D. Saghie 3
1 MSc. student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad University, Gonbad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad University, Gonbad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Center of Korasan Razavi, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding spearmint and dill essence on performance, growth and blood metabolites of Kordi fattening lambs. In this experiment, 30 male lambs were used in a completely randomized design over a 9-weak trial with three treatments and 10 replicants. Treatments were included: 1) control without essence, 2) containing 0.025% Mentha spicata (spearmint) essence and 3) containing 0.025% Anethum graveolens (Dill) essence. Blood samples at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9  and rumen fluid at 3, 5 and 7 weak of study were collected from five lamb of each treatment and skeletal growth indices including wither height, rump height, chest girth, body lenght and hip to hip lenght were measured also. The result showed that among skeletal growth indices only wither height between dill and spaermint treatment ( 60.80 and 62.4 cm,  respectively) and chest girth among control, dill and spaermint treatments (76, 72.8 and 74.2 cm, respectively) had significant difference. Blood cholestrol singnificantly decreased in dill and spaermint treatment compared to control (51, 51.66 and 58 mg/dl, respectively). Treatments had no significant effect on other blood metabolites and performance growth. Generally, results of this study showed that adding of spearmint and dill essence did not have considerable effect on porformance and growth of fattening lambs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rumen fermentation
  • Dill
  • Kordi sheep
  • Blood metabolites
  • Spearmint
ابابکری ر.، ریاسی ا.، فتحی م. ح.، نعیمی پور ح. و خورسندی س. 1391. تاثیر اسانس نعناع افزوده شده به کنسانتره آغازین بر تخمیر شکمبه­ای، سن از شیر­گیری و عملکرد رشد گوساله­های هلشتاین. نشریه پژوهش­های علوم دامی، 4: 154-141.
حجت­پناه منتظری ع. ا.، دانش مسگران م. و وکیلی ع. 1389. تاثیر خوراک­های حاوی روغن سیر­، زردچوبه یا موننزین بر pH­، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و برخی از متابولیت­های پلاسمای خون بره­های نر بلوچی­. چهارمین کنگره علوم دامی ایران­. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (کرج).
زرگری ع. 1381. گیاهان دارویی. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، جلد 2، صفحه: 36-25
مجابی ع. و حیدرنژاد ع. 1382. خون شناسی دامپزشکی و روشهای آزمایشگاهی. انتشارات علمی کاربردی، صفحه: 90-60
Agarwal N.‚ Shekhar C., Kumar R., Chaudhary L. C. and Kamra D. N. 2008. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquar. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 148:321-327.
Ando S., Nishida T., Ishida M., Hosoda K. and Bayaru E. 2003. Effect of peppermint feeding on the digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa. Livestock  Production Science, 82: 245–248.
Baldwin R. L., McLeod K. R. and Klotz J. L. 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth, and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science, 87 (E. Suppl.): E55-E65.
Beauchemin K. A. and McGinn S. M. 2006. Methane emissions from beef cattle: effects of fumaric acid, essential oil, and canola oil. Journal of Animal Science, 84: 1489–1496.
Benchaar C., Petit H. V., Berthiaume R., Ouellet D. R., Chiquette J. and Chouinard P. Y. 2007. Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. Journal of  Dairy Science, 90: 886–897.
Benchaar C., Petit H. V., Berthiaume R.,Whyte T. D. and Chouinard P. Y. 2006. Effects of addition of essential oils and monensin premix on digestion, ruminal fermentation, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 4352–4364.
Busquet M.‚ Calsamiglia S.‚ Ferret A. and Kamet C. 2006. Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 761-771.
Calsamiglia S., Busquet M., Cardozo P. W., Castillejos L. and Ferret A. 2007. Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 2580–2595.
Cardozo P. W., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. 2006. Effects of alfalfa, extract, anise, capsicum and a mixture of cinamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high-concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science, 84: 2801-2808.
Cardozo P. W., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. 2004. Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in ontinuous culture. Journal of Animal Science, 82: 3230–3236.
Castillejos L., Calsamiglia S. and Ferret A. 2006. Effect of essential oils active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 2649–2658.
Cawan M. M. 1999. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbial Review, 12: 564-580.
Chaves A. V., Stanford K., Dugan M. E. R., Gibson L. L., McAllister T. A., Van Herk F. and Benchaar C. 2008. Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Livestock Science, 117: 215-224.
Distel R. A., Iglesias R. M. R., Arroquy J. and Merino J. 2007. A note on increased intake in lambs through diversity in food flavor. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 105: 232–237.
European Union. 2003. Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 of the European parliament of the council o 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. Official Journal of European Union, 268: 29-43
Evans J. D. and Martin S. A. 2000. Effects of thymol on ruminal microorganisms. Current Microbiology, 41: 336–340.
Gabriella C., Massimo T. M. and  Zhongtong Y. 2016. Critical evaluation of  essential oils as rumen midifer in ruminant nutrition: A review. Science of the Total Enviroment, 545: 556- 568
Guyton A. C. and Hall J. E. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology(11nd ed.). Elsevier Inc., Pp: 847-850.
Hart K. J., Yanez-Ruiz D. R., Duval S. M., McEwan N. R. and Newbold C. J. 2008. Plant extract to manipulate rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 147: 8–35.
Heitman R. N., Dawes D. J. and Sensenig S. C. 1987. Hepatic ketogenesis and peripheral ketone body utilization in the ruminant. Journal of Nutrition, 117: 1174-1180.
Hobson P. N. and Stewart C. S. 1997. The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Blackie Academics and Professional, Suffolk. UK, pp: 140-195.
Isman M. B. 2000. Plant essential oil and disease management. Crop protection, 19: 603-608.
Jirovetz L., Buchbauer G. and Stoyanova A. S. 2003. Composition, quality control, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of long-time stored dill seeds from Bulgaria. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 51: 3854-3857.
Lawless J. 1995. The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of E ssential Oils (ALNAP database ref. 8718).
Lin B., Lu Y., Wang J. H., Liang Q. and Liu J. X. 2012. In vitro rumen fermentation and methan production are influenced by active components of essential oils combined with fumarate. Journal of Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition, 97 (1) : 1-9. 
Lissin L. W. and Cooke J. P. 2000. Phytoesterogen and cardiovascular health. American College Cardiology, 35: 1403- 410.
Macheboeuf D., Morgavi D. P., Papon Y., Mousset J. L. and Arturo-Schaan M. 2008. Dose–response effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145: 335–350.
Meyer N. F., Erickson G. E., Klopfenstein T. J., Greenquist M. A., Luebbe M. K., Williams P. and Engstrom M. A. 2009. Effect of essential oils, tylosin, and monensin on finishing steer performance, carcass characteristics, liver abscesses, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility. Journal of Animal Science, 87: 2346-2354.
Mostafa A. F., Mckinoon J. J. and Christense N. D. A. 2001. Effects of spearmint ensiled (Mentha spicata) byproduct on nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation of steers. Animal Feed Sciense and Technology, 92: 33-43.
Nanekarani S., goodarzi M. and Heidari M. 2012. The Effect of Different Levels of Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Extract on Immune System and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. APCBEE Procedia, 4: 135 – 139.
Newbold C. J., McIntosh F. M. P., Williams Losa R. and Wallace R. J. 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 114: 105-112.
Nolte D. L. and Provenza F. D. 1992. Food preferences in lambs after exposure to flavors in solid foods. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 32: 337-347.
Olle M. and Bender I. 2010. The contents of oils in umbelliferous and its formation. Agronomy Research, 8: (Special Issue III): 678-696
Ozkaya S. and Bozkurt Y. 2008. The relationship of parameters of body measures and body weight by using digital image analysis in pre-slaughter cattle. Archiv tierzucht, 51: 120-128.
Patra A. K. and Yu Z. 2012. Effects of essential oils on methan production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial population. Applied Enviromental Microbiology, 78: 4271-4280.
Solaiman S., Thomas J., Dupre D., Min B. R., Gurung N., Terrill T. H. and Haenlein G. F. W. 2010. Effect of feeding Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Kiko crossbred male kids. Small Ruminant Research, 93: 149-156.
Soltan M. A. 2009. Effect of essential oils supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, health condition of Holstein male calves during pre- and post- weaning periods. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8 (5): 642-652.
Takarada K., Kimizuka R., Takahashi N., Honma K., Okuda K. and Kato T. 2002. A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens. Oral Microbiol Immunology, 19: 61-64.
Tekeli A., Celik L. and Kutlu H. R. 2007. Plant extracts: a new rumen moderator in ruminant diets. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 4(1): 71-79.
Tatsuoka N., Hara K., Mikuni K., Hara K., Hashimoto H. and Itabashi H. 2008. Effects of the essential oil cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production in vitro. Journal of Animal Science, 79: 68-75.
Van Soest P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornel University Press, Ithaca, New York. Pp: 374.
Wang C. J., Wang S. P. and Zhou H. 2009. Influence of flavomycin, ropadiar and saponin on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and methane emission from sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 148: 157-166.
Yang W. Z., Ametaj B. N. C., Benchaar M. L. H. and Beauchemin K. A. 2010. Cinnamaldehyde in feedlot cattle diets: Intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites. Journal of Animal Science, 88(3): 1082-1092.
Yang W. Z., Benchaar C. B. N., Ametaj A. V., Chaves M. L. He and McAllister T. A. 2007. Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 5671-5681.
Yazdanparast R. and Alavi M. 2001. Anti hyperlipidemic and anti hypercholesterol-emic effects of Anethum graveolens leaves after removal of furocoumarins. Journal Cytobios, 105: 189-191.
Yeh Y. Y. and Liu L. 2001. Cholesterol-lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: Human and animal studies. Journal of Nutrition, 131: 989S-993S.
Zheng G. Q., Kenney P. M. and Lam L. K. 1992. Anethofuran, carvone, and limonene: potential cancer chemopreventive agents from dill weed oil and caraway oil. Journal of Planta Medica, 58: 338-341.