The effect of long-term dietary cadmium chloride on cadmium concentration in tissues, urine and feces and concentration of iron, zinc and copper in tissues in Holstein male calves
M. A.
Khorashadi Zadeh
PhD Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
R.
Valizadeh
Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
A. A.
Naserian
Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The effects of long-term consumption of cadmium (Cd) on its concentration in liver, kidney, lunges and muscles tissues, blood, urine and feces and also iron, zinc and copper content in liver, kidney, bones and muscles tissues in Holstein male calves were studied in this study. Twenty Holstein male calves (with average body weight of 203 kg and age of 185 days) were allocated to four groups in a completely randomized design. All of the animals were fed a similar diet but differing in concentration of Cd (0, 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg of dry matter) for a period of 300 days. The blood, urine and feces of all experimental calves were sampled at the end of last 3 days of the experimental period. The calves were slaughtered at the end of experimental period and their liver, kidney, lunges, shinbone, thigh and heart muscles and spleen were also sampled. The results revealed that, Cd concentration in liver and kidney tissues urine, and feces samples were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control calves. With increasing Cd intake, the copper concentration in liver and bone and the zinc concentration in liver and kidney decreased significantly (P<0.05). It was concluded that soil and water pollution with Cd could increase its concentration in animal body and products which is harmful for their consumers.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
1
11
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2172_07f4b060db28302cd1acde8a568075db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2172
Effect of olive cake on performance, rumen characteristics, fibrolytic enzyme and microbial protein synthesis in Najdi goat kids
F.
Dousti
PhD student, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
T.
Ghoorchi
Professor, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
B.
Dastar
Professor, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
A.
Azarfar
Associate Professor, Deptartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad
author
text
article
2017
per
The effect of olive cake on performance, rumen microbial protein synthesis and activity of cellulase enzymes was investigated usign 15 male Najdi goat kids in a completely randomized design with three diets and five replicates per diet. Kids were kept in individual pens over 84 days (15 days of adaptation) from three months of age. The diets contained same levels of energy and protein. Experimental treatments were zero, 10 and 20 percent of olive cake in the diet. Inclution of olive cake in diets up to 10% increased feed intake and diet containing 20% olive cake increased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). With increasing levels of olive cake in diets ruminal pH, ammonia N (NH3-N) output, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen were decreased (P < 0.05). In diets containing olive cake, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and enzyme activity in solid, extracellular, intracellular and total enzyme (three-part) increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The results of the experiment showed that feeding olive cake to Najdi goat kids incresed rumen fibrolytic enzyme activity, and reduced rumen microbial protein synthesis and the ammonia N level. The use of olive cake up to 10% did not affect growth performance of Najdi goat kids.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
13
25
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2173_298b6f7b59d64f801cf49d58e9a85577.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2173
Effects of lactobacillus inoculants on characteristics and composition of alfalfa wilted by orange pulp silage
M.
Karimi
MS.c student, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Nature resources, University of Tabriz, Iran
author
M.
Besharati
Assistant professor, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Nature resources, University of Tabriz, Iran
author
A.
Taghizadeh
Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
author
R.
Safari
Assistant professor, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Nature resources, University of Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
This study was conducted to study the effects of LALSIL inoculants (Lactobacillus Buchneri 40788: LAB) on laboratory characteristics and aerobic stability in alfalfa wilted and chopped into 2 cm of average length with orange pulp silage. Experimental treatments were 1: wilted alfalfa with no additive (control), 2: wilted alfalfa and orange pulp (at a ratio of 70 to 30 percent) with no inoculant, 3: treatment 2 plus 1.5×108 cfu/g of LALSIL inoculants, 4: treatment 2 plus 3.0×108 cfu/g of LALSIL inoculants, and 5: treatment 2 plus 4.5×108 cfu/g of LALSIL inoculants. Experimental treatments were ensiled in triplicate laboratory mini silos for 90d at room temperature. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. The pH of all silages was less than 4.55, but pH was significantly higher for control (P<0.05). Addition of orange pulp and bacterial inoculants to wilted alfalfa caused a significant increase in water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and total volatile fatty acids (tVFA) (P<0.05). The least amount of aerobic stability of was for the treatment 1 and most one was for treatment 5 (56 and 200h after exposure to air, respectively). Results suggest that orange pulp and bacterial inoculants could improve quality of alfalfa silage by altering the availability of WSC, the rapid decline pH and limiting the proliferation of yeasts and fungi.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
27
37
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2171_aa8e089d504563a7b07853532ba08a12.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2171
Interaction between barley grain processing and source of dietary nitrogen on digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and microbial protein synthesis in Mehraban sheep
Sh.
Najafi
MSc graduated student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
M. M.
Tabatabaei
Associate professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
K.
Zaboli
Assistant professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
A.
Ahmadi
Assistant professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
A. A.
Saki
Professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to evaluate the effect of barley grain processing and dietary nitrogen source on digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in sheep, an experiment was conducted as 2×2 factorial under a completely randomized design. The experimental diets included 1) whole barley grain + urea, 2) whole barley grain + soybean meal, 3) cracked barley grain + urea and 4) cracked barley grain + soybean meal. During the digestibility experiment, total urine of sheep was collected, and blood samples were taken at 1 and 7 hours after morning feeding at the last day. Results showed that barley grain processing decreased dry matter digestibility (from 73.82 to 71.58 percent) and organic matter digestibility (from 74.94 to 72.84 percent) of diet (P<0.05). Soybean meal intake compared to urea, increased crude fiber digestibility (from 29.97 to 32.84 percent) and nitrogen free extract digestibility (from 81.39 to 82.13 percent) of diet (P<0.05). Soybean meal compared to urea, increased nitrogen retention percentage from 19.64 to 37.92 percent of nitrogen intake (P<0.05). But barley grain processing had no effect. Also, concentration of plasma glucose and urea were not affected by barley grain processing and nitrogen source. Generally, barley grain cracking did not increase nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention and microbial protein synthesis. But soybean meal intake compared to urea improved nutrient digestion (included crude fiber and nitrogen free extract) and nitrogen retention.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
39
51
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2189_5c0ac69c7f321d72e2cd6436e351158a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2189
Relationship between Kappa-Casein gene polymorphism with milk economic traits in native cattle of Guilan province
F.
Nazemi
MSc. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
S. Z.
Mirhosseini
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
N.
Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
H.
Dehghanzadeh
Scientific board member of Animal Science Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Rasht, Iran
author
M.
Mehdizadeh
Senior expert, Animal Production Improvement Assistant, Jihad-e-Keshavarzi Organization of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In this research, the relationship between polymorphism of CSN (Kappa-Casein) gene and production traits in Guilan native cattle was studied. Blood samples were taken from 100 cows Fouman, Rasht and Astaneh-ye-Ashrafiyeh. Genomic DNA was extracted by modified salting out method. A 350 bp fragment of the bovine kappa-CSN gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a specific primer. The PCR products were digested by Hinf I to determine kappa-casein genotypes with PCR-RFLP marker. Observed frequencies for genotypes AA, AB, BB were 0.48, 0.52, 0.00 and allelic frequencies for A and B were 0.74 and 0.26, respectively. The chi-square test results showed that the studied population were not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparison of least square means indicated that the polymorphism has a significant effect on milk yield, fat and protein percentage (P<0.01). The cows with genotype AA produced 0.81 kg more milk over the cows with genotype AB. The cows with genotype AB produced 0.1 and 0.14 percentages higher milk fat content compare to the cattle with genotypes of AA (P<0.01). The results also revealed that the cattle with genotypes of AA produced milk with lowest fat and protein content.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
53
61
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2174_68506592ea79d3361fe6d24a3a599802.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2174
The comparision of response to selection, inbreeding and genetic variance in traditional and genomic selection methods
S.
Foroutanifar
Assistant professor of animal science, College of agriculture and natural resources, Razi University.
author
H.
Mehrabani-Yeganeh
Associate professor of animal science, College of agriculture and natural resources, University of Tehran.
author
M.
Moradi-Shahrbabak
Professor of animal science, College of agriculture and natural resources, University of Tehran.
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to evaluate the effects of genomic and traditional selection methods onlong term response to selection, genetic variance and inbreeding, a base population of 100 animals was randomly mated for 50 generations. The simulated genome size for each animal was 10 Morgan that was equally divided between 10 chromosomes. On each chromosome, 1000 SNP markers were evenly located. Two traits with the heritability of 0.5 and 0.1 were simulated for each animal and 200 QTL were randomly distributed over the genome for each trait. BLUP method was used for prediction of traditional breeding value as well as estimation of SNP effects. Genomic breeding values of the animals for each trait were sum of SNP effects for all loci. After generation 51, animals were selected based on traditional breeding values or genomic breeding values for 15 generations. The results of this study showed that for both traits the genomic selection method increased response to selection, butdecreased genetic variance relative to the traditional selection. Greater response to selection and reduction in genetic variance was for trait with higher heritability. A twofold increase in the inbreeding coefficient was observed for traditional selection relative to genomic selection after 15 generations of selection.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
63
71
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2226_4a9b2ac31528874f9f8488a5fc39875b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2226
The effect of In ovo injection of zinc-methionine and nano-zinc methionine on the Zn-T1 gene expression, alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity in broilers small intestine
K.
Razani
Ph.D student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
M.
Mottaghitalab
Associate professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
S. H.
Hossieni Moghaddam
Assistant professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intra amniotic injection of zinc-methionine and nano-zinc-methionine on intestinal zinc transporter (zn-t1)expression and alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity in the broiler jejunum. Four hundred fertile eggs were divided into four groups (treatment), each with four samples (replicate). The first three treatments were subject to intra amniotic injection of one milliliter of physiologic serum solution, physiologic serum solution containing 25% zinc- methionine and/or containing 25% nano-zinc- methionine, respectively, at the 17th day of incubation. The fourth treatment (negative control) received no injection. The hatchability percentage was calculated and two birds from each replicate were killed then intestinal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity and Zn-T1gene expression were assayed at 1, 3 and 7 days after hatch. The highest body weight was for Zinc-methionine (43.02± 0.06) and Nano-zinc-methionine (42.77±0.06) treatments (P˂0.01). Also at 1 and 7 days of post hatch the weight of small intestine in the Zinc-methionine (1.55±0.07, 9.7±0.048) and Nano-zinc-methionine (1.51±0.07, 9.5±0.048) treatments were higher than other treatments (p˂0.01). Ten nano-zinc-methionine treatment, at 1, 3 and 7 days after hatching, had the most activity of alkaline phosphatase (7.2 ± 0.04, 11.5± 0.08, 17.8 ± 0.1) and maltase (4.2±0.03, 5.5±0.02, 8.8±0.06) andmost Zn-T1 gene expression (3.67±0.005, 4.24±0.007, 3.17±0.009) (P˂0.01). In conclusion, in Ovo injection of Nano-zinc-methionine showed up-regulate Zn-T1 gene expression and lead to increase alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity of chick intestine during first week after hatch.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
73
87
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2222_a5e5e9446c20b5c027f9eefe52945850.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2222
Comparison of the effects of using Sumac powder (Rhus coriria. L) and vitamin E on body and internal organs weight, biochemical parameters and meat quality in broiler chickens after the stress induction by dexamethasone
S. A.
Hosseini Siyar
Department of Animal Science Staff, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali sina, Hamedan
author
A.
Farahavar
Assistant professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali sina, Hamedan
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding Sumac powder and vitamin E to diet on body and internal organs weights, biochemical and meat quality parameters in broiler chickens after the stress induction by dexamethasone (DEX). Ninety-six male broiler chickens were divided to six groups and received a basal diet for 35 days. After 10 days of age, basal diets of 4 groups was supplemented with Sumac powder (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 %) and vitamin E (20 mg/Kg). At the same time, two groups were assigned as negative (without DEX) and positive (with DEX) controls. At 28 days of age, all broilers except negative control received DEX (2mg/kg BW). At end of the experiment, chickens were weighed, slaughtered and their blood samples were collected. Dexamethasone reduced (P<0.05) final body weight, relative weights of carcass, Breast, Spleen and Bursa (1432.80, 59.40, 21.86, 0.07, 0.035, respectively), compared to negative control (1783.67g, 60.32, 22.98, 0.121, 0.051, respectively) and increased (P<0.05) relative weights of Liver, Heart, Proventriculus and Gizzard, shear force, total protein and cholesterol (3.08, 0.49, 0.45, 1.95, 0.836N, 5.45 and 255.45 mg/dl), comparing to negative control (2.55, 0.42, 0.36, 1.58, 0.375, 4.45 and 179.32 mg/dl). Meat shear force in 0.5% and 0.75% of Sumac powder groups (0.452 and 0.428N respectively) decreased (P<0.05) relative to positive control (0.836N). In conclusion, adding vitamin E and Sumac powder to diet did not prevent the weight loss induced by DEX and blood parameters were not affected. However, 0.5% and 0.75% of Sumac powder reduced shear force.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
89
107
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2223_d8b1171b38f5aff7ca6e47a51f0cc5e4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2223
Effects of feeding frequency and adding oil to diet on performance, sorting behavior and rumen fermentation of Holstein dairy cows
K.
Akbari Pabandi
M.Sc. student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
H. R.
Mirzaei Alamouti
Assistant professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding frequency and oil supplementation to the diet on sorting behavior and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Twenty four lactating Holstein cows, including 12 primiparous with average body weight of 626 ± 58 Kg and days in mild of 195 ± 44 day, and 12 multiparous having average body weight of 617 ± 25 Kg and days in milk of 207 ± 39 day, were used in a 2×2 factorial experiment under a randomized complete block design. The factors were oil supplement at two levels of 0 and 25 percent, and feeding frequency of 1 or 3 times per day. Treatments had no significant effect on dry matter intake and fat and energy corrected milk, but uncorrected milk production was lower for three times feeding without oil supplement (P < 0.05), compared to other treatments. There was no difference between treatments in respect to sorting behavior (P > 0.05). The primiparous cows showed more sorting behaviors than multiparous cows (P < 0.05). Oil supplementation with once per day feeding reduced fluctuation rumen pH especially (P < 0.05). Rumen propionate concentration was higher than other treatments with once per day feeding (P < 0.05). Oil supplementation reduced slug feeding in particular with once per day feeding (P< 0.05). The results showed that oil supplementation with once per day feeding improved milk yield, feeding behaviors and ruminal pH.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
109
125
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2224_ffc6b17d422ed2b38fa2e8a5c724c240.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2224
Study of chemical composition and nutritive value of cantaloupe silage in in vitro and the effect of feeding on performance of Afshari lambs
K.
Ghorbanpour
Ph.D student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, International Campus Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
R.
Valizadeh
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A. A.
Naserian
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, gas production and also inclusion of cantaloupe plant and its silage in lamb rations. In first experiment, the cantaloupe plant samples were treated with 0.5 or 1% of urea (DM basis) and ensiled in plastic bags. Ensiling cantaloupe plant treated with urea increased its crude protein content (P<0.05) and its gas production after 96 h incubation as well as metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). In the second experiment, cantaloupe plants were ensiled with urea (0.5% DM basis) or without urea. Fifteen male Afshari lambs were allocated to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design and fed with the experimental diets. Three dietary treatments were 1) diet containing 15% corn silage without cantaloupe plants silage, 2) diet containing 15% cantaloupe silage without urea supplementation, 3) diet containing cantaloupe silage supplemented with 0.5% of urea (DM basis). There were no differences between the dietary treatments in the case of feed intake, average daily gain, final body weight, and rumen pH (P>0.05), but N-ammonia concentration was higher for the urea treated cantaloupe silage (13.5 vs. 10.8 mg/dL) in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). It was concluded that the ensiled cantaloupe plants treated with urea can be utilized in feeding of small ruminant in fattening feedlots with low cost and economical diets instead of corn silage.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
127
137
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2235_b68775257a49056c7725ca51388b864f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2235
The study of government’s supportive policies’ impact on silk cocoon production system at Guilan Province
M. K.
Motamed
Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
M.
Kavoosi-Kalashami
Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
author
M. R.
Rahi
Expert in charge, Iran Sericulture Development Center, Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Agricultural policy includes a set of laws related to domestic agriculture and foreign policy for agricultural crops. Governments implement policies in order to achieve specific goals in the domestic markets of agricultural products. The experience of most developed countries and some developing countries indicated that governments initially focus supportive policies in the field on production to increase productivity and production efficiency and then gradually reduce these supports. In this research the effect of 6 supportive government policies on the production of silk cocoons over 2007-2016 were evaluated. In this regard, the panel data of the 16 city of Guilan province during this period of time and approach the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were used. The data used in this study were taken from the Iran sericulture development center. The results showed that the policies of promotion and training courses and granting credit facilities were ineffective and had counterproductive effect. The policy of distributing silkworm cocoons egg had the most positive effects on the production of silk cocoon in the cities of Guilan province, so that an increase of one percent in distribution of silkworm cocoons egg boxes increased 1.22 percent in the production level of silk cocoon in Guilan province.
Animal Production Research
University of Guilan
2252-0872
6
v.
1
no.
2017
139
151
https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_2236_f705e29b3bccf2c792023dfb19492749.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/ar.2017.2236