University of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Effects of homogeneity and heterogeneity of variance components in different levels of herd-year size on genetic parameters for milk yield of Iranian HolsteinsEffects of homogeneity and heterogeneity of variance components in different levels of herd-year size on genetic parameters for milk yield of Iranian Holsteins1131634FAJ.EhsaniniaPhD Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranN.Ghavi Hossein-ZadehAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-9458-5860A. A.ShadparvarProfessor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-9458-5860Journal Article20160329<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This study was conducted to investigate the homogeneity of variance components for milk yield (MY) and to assess the effects of different data transformation methods on the ranking of elite animals in Iranian Holstein cows. Data sets included 245192 records for 1<sup>st </sup>lactation period, 202078 records for 2<sup>nd</sup> lactation and 147253 records for 3<sup>rd</sup> lactation collected from 1983 to 2014 by the Animal Breeding Center and promotion of Animal Products of Iran. Records were classified into three different groups based on herd-year size. Four different data transformation methods including Logarithmic, Arc sin, Square root and Box-Cox were applied and the data were tested for heterogeneity of variance before and after using Bartlett’s test. The results indicated the heterogeneity of variance in all three groups (<em>P </em>< 0.01) before transformation. Yet, data transformation did not result in homogeneity of variance across the herd size classes. The Square root and Box-Cox transformation methods decreased the heterogeneity of variance components in the first lactation period while other methods had no effect in adjusting the heterogeneity of any groups. Heritability and estimated breeding values (EBVs) were obtained for non-transformed data using different methods based on animal model using VCE program. Heritability varied from 0.142 to 0.184 in single trait analysis and 0.143 to 0.221 in multi trait analysis. Some re-ranking of animals occurred after data transformation, but the Box-Cox method had a small effect on overall rankings and Spearman's rank correlations of animals. The applied transformation caused a substantial re-ranking of EBVs of elite sire and dams considering herd size. Data transformation for adjusting heterogeneity of variance caused different proportions of top sires and dams to be excluded from lists when compared to the homogenous variance scenario. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of the evaluation and selection efficiency of milk yield, when evaluating the genetic of Holstein cows it is necessary to consider heterogeneity of variance.</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This study was conducted to investigate the homogeneity of variance components for milk yield (MY) and to assess the effects of different data transformation methods on the ranking of elite animals in Iranian Holstein cows. Data sets included 245192 records for 1<sup>st </sup>lactation period, 202078 records for 2<sup>nd</sup> lactation and 147253 records for 3<sup>rd</sup> lactation collected from 1983 to 2014 by the Animal Breeding Center and promotion of Animal Products of Iran. Records were classified into three different groups based on herd-year size. Four different data transformation methods including Logarithmic, Arc sin, Square root and Box-Cox were applied and the data were tested for heterogeneity of variance before and after using Bartlett’s test. The results indicated the heterogeneity of variance in all three groups (<em>P </em>< 0.01) before transformation. Yet, data transformation did not result in homogeneity of variance across the herd size classes. The Square root and Box-Cox transformation methods decreased the heterogeneity of variance components in the first lactation period while other methods had no effect in adjusting the heterogeneity of any groups. Heritability and estimated breeding values (EBVs) were obtained for non-transformed data using different methods based on animal model using VCE program. Heritability varied from 0.142 to 0.184 in single trait analysis and 0.143 to 0.221 in multi trait analysis. Some re-ranking of animals occurred after data transformation, but the Box-Cox method had a small effect on overall rankings and Spearman's rank correlations of animals. The applied transformation caused a substantial re-ranking of EBVs of elite sire and dams considering herd size. Data transformation for adjusting heterogeneity of variance caused different proportions of top sires and dams to be excluded from lists when compared to the homogenous variance scenario. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of the evaluation and selection efficiency of milk yield, when evaluating the genetic of Holstein cows it is necessary to consider heterogeneity of variance.</span></span>https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1634_5d39aadeae10f038f1c623312f97cb72.pdfUniversity of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Identification of available mutations in the first-half (from 5’ end) of exon 2 of GDF9 gene in crossbred sheep from crossing of Romanov and Lori-Bakhtiari breedsIdentification of available mutations in the first-half (from 5’ end) of exon 2 of GDF9 gene in crossbred sheep from crossing of Romanov and Lori-Bakhtiari breeds15261635FAR.KhodabakhshzadehMSc Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranM. R.MohammadabadiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-1268-3043H.Moradi-ShahrebabakAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran0000-0002-5992-3278A.Esmailizadeh KoshkoiehAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-0986-6639Journal Article20160329For decreasing the number of breeding ewes on pastures and prevention of demolition pastures, it seems that animal breeding programs are benefit for identifying effective candidate genes on litter size in Iranian sheep breeds and using those. The TGFβ family genes are one of the most important effective factors on litter size in sheep. The GDF9 gene is one of the most important members from this family. The aim of the present study was to identify available mutations in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in crossbred sheep (Romanov rams × Lori-Bakhtiari ewes) using PCR-SSCP. In this study, after extraction genomic DNA from blood samples of 36 crossbred animals with 3-6 months old (17 males and 19 females), the first region (from 5’ end) of exon 2 (634bp segments) of GDF9 gene was amplified using PCR. The single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) patterns of PCR products were studied using acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining method and then from any pattern one sample sequenced. In the studied population, 3 banding patterns 1, 2, and 3 obtained with frequencies of 0.305, 0.584 and 0.111, respectively. The sequencing results showed presence of 4 mutations (471, 477, 520 and 721 situations) in the studied population.For decreasing the number of breeding ewes on pastures and prevention of demolition pastures, it seems that animal breeding programs are benefit for identifying effective candidate genes on litter size in Iranian sheep breeds and using those. The TGFβ family genes are one of the most important effective factors on litter size in sheep. The GDF9 gene is one of the most important members from this family. The aim of the present study was to identify available mutations in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in crossbred sheep (Romanov rams × Lori-Bakhtiari ewes) using PCR-SSCP. In this study, after extraction genomic DNA from blood samples of 36 crossbred animals with 3-6 months old (17 males and 19 females), the first region (from 5’ end) of exon 2 (634bp segments) of GDF9 gene was amplified using PCR. The single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) patterns of PCR products were studied using acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining method and then from any pattern one sample sequenced. In the studied population, 3 banding patterns 1, 2, and 3 obtained with frequencies of 0.305, 0.584 and 0.111, respectively. The sequencing results showed presence of 4 mutations (471, 477, 520 and 721 situations) in the studied population.https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1635_ad3cbe03998264c7ff6a2779108be9d3.pdfUniversity of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Effect of adding di-ammonium citrate and urea to the diet on performance of broiler chickens under heat stressEffect of adding di-ammonium citrate and urea to the diet on performance of broiler chickens under heat stress27361636FAA.MohitAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranH.ChezgiMSc Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranM.Mohiti-AsliAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-6036-7029Journal Article20160329This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of blood uric acid on performance and resistance of broilers under heat stress. 200 day old Ross 308 chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chicks in each replicate. Chickens were fed from 24 days of age with diets containing 0.35 (U<sub>0.35</sub>) and 0.70 (U<sub>0.70</sub>) % of urea and 1.29 (A<sub>1.29</sub>) and 2.58 (A<sub>2.58</sub>) % of di-ammonium citrate and without urea or di-ammonium citrate. During the experiment, weight gain, average feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly. Heat stress was applied with exposing the birds to a 35 ± 1 ˚C temperature from 28 days of age onwards. At 27 and 41 days of age, two birds from each replicate were selected randomly and blood samples were collected from brachial vein to determine the concentration of serum uric acid and malondialdehyde. The results showed that at 36-42 days of experiment, the FCR of A<sub>2.58 </sub>(1.96) was significantly (<em>P</em><0.05) lower than that in U<sub>0.7 </sub>(2.38), but there was no significant difference with control (2.05) group (<em>P</em>>0.05). The content of serum uric acid of U<sub>0.7</sub> at 27 and 41 days (2.38 and 6.03 mg/dL respectively) was significantly higher than the control (<em>P</em><0.05). The content of serum malondialdehyde was significantly lower in U<sub>0.7</sub> (0.923 μmol/L) and A<sub>2.58</sub> (1.06 μmol/L) than control (1.28 μmol/L) group at 41 days of age (<em>P</em><0.05). This study showed that the addition of urea or diammonium citrate to broiler diet can improve oxidative stress by increasing the concentration of uric acid.This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of blood uric acid on performance and resistance of broilers under heat stress. 200 day old Ross 308 chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chicks in each replicate. Chickens were fed from 24 days of age with diets containing 0.35 (U<sub>0.35</sub>) and 0.70 (U<sub>0.70</sub>) % of urea and 1.29 (A<sub>1.29</sub>) and 2.58 (A<sub>2.58</sub>) % of di-ammonium citrate and without urea or di-ammonium citrate. During the experiment, weight gain, average feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly. Heat stress was applied with exposing the birds to a 35 ± 1 ˚C temperature from 28 days of age onwards. At 27 and 41 days of age, two birds from each replicate were selected randomly and blood samples were collected from brachial vein to determine the concentration of serum uric acid and malondialdehyde. The results showed that at 36-42 days of experiment, the FCR of A<sub>2.58 </sub>(1.96) was significantly (<em>P</em><0.05) lower than that in U<sub>0.7 </sub>(2.38), but there was no significant difference with control (2.05) group (<em>P</em>>0.05). The content of serum uric acid of U<sub>0.7</sub> at 27 and 41 days (2.38 and 6.03 mg/dL respectively) was significantly higher than the control (<em>P</em><0.05). The content of serum malondialdehyde was significantly lower in U<sub>0.7</sub> (0.923 μmol/L) and A<sub>2.58</sub> (1.06 μmol/L) than control (1.28 μmol/L) group at 41 days of age (<em>P</em><0.05). This study showed that the addition of urea or diammonium citrate to broiler diet can improve oxidative stress by increasing the concentration of uric acid.https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1636_dc82341bef93fa40e5e4eadd1979bb39.pdfUniversity of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Comparing antibacterial effect of different extracts of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and its effects on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal microflora population in broiler chicks exposed to heat stressComparing antibacterial effect of different extracts of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and its effects on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal microflora population in broiler chicks exposed to heat stress37451637FAZ.TarazPh.D student, Faculty of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan; Scientific Affair of Animal Science Department, Gonbad Kavoos University, Gonbad, IranM.Shams SharghAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran0000-0002-4373-2469F.SamadiAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, IranP.EbrahimiAssistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, IranS.ZerehdaranProfessor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20160329<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicory extract in the diet of broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 dietary treatments, 4 replicates of 20 broiler chicks (1 d old) in each. Treatments consisted of a corn diet - soy as a basal diet (control) and basal diet containing three levels of 150, 250 and 350 mg ethyl acetate extract of chicory per kg and probiotic the recommended amount per kilogram of feed. Chicory was extracted using four different solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) and the most effective extracts in vitro antibacterial properties were determined by disk diffusion method and by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. The most antibacterial effect against <em>E.coli</em> was observed to the ethyl acetate extract. Effects of ethyl acetate extract were investigated on nutrient digestibility and microbial population of the gastrointestinal tractof broilers under heat stress. To determine the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat feed sampling and ileum with chromium oxide marker was used. The results showed that the use of the chicks chicory extract reduced the number of <em>E. coli</em> bacteria and increase the number of lactobacilli in the digestive tract. Digestible of protein and fat under the influence of chicory extract showed a significant increase<span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">.</span> In the digestibility of dry matter in different treatments were not affected by treatments (<em>P</em><0.05).It is concluded that improvement in the microflora and digestibility was expected with the use of ethyl acetate extract.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicory extract in the diet of broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 dietary treatments, 4 replicates of 20 broiler chicks (1 d old) in each. Treatments consisted of a corn diet - soy as a basal diet (control) and basal diet containing three levels of 150, 250 and 350 mg ethyl acetate extract of chicory per kg and probiotic the recommended amount per kilogram of feed. Chicory was extracted using four different solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) and the most effective extracts in vitro antibacterial properties were determined by disk diffusion method and by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. The most antibacterial effect against <em>E.coli</em> was observed to the ethyl acetate extract. Effects of ethyl acetate extract were investigated on nutrient digestibility and microbial population of the gastrointestinal tractof broilers under heat stress. To determine the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat feed sampling and ileum with chromium oxide marker was used. The results showed that the use of the chicks chicory extract reduced the number of <em>E. coli</em> bacteria and increase the number of lactobacilli in the digestive tract. Digestible of protein and fat under the influence of chicory extract showed a significant increase<span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">.</span> In the digestibility of dry matter in different treatments were not affected by treatments (<em>P</em><0.05).It is concluded that improvement in the microflora and digestibility was expected with the use of ethyl acetate extract.</span>https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1637_3a0f05005e86ce620c6f016fcf7653a9.pdfUniversity of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Effect of Enterococcus facium isolates from Coracias garrulus and Lactofeed probiotic on performance, blood parameters and intestine microflora of broiler chickensEffect of Enterococcus facium isolates from Coracias garrulus and Lactofeed probiotic on performance, blood parameters and intestine microflora of broiler chickens47611638FAH.JahanbaniMSc Student, Animal Science Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranS. J.Hosseini-VashanAssistant Professor, Animal Science Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranS. E.GhiasiAssistant Professor, Animal Science Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranA.MohammadiAssistant Professor, Plant Protection Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranJournal Article20160329The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of <em>Enterococcus facium</em> isolates from intestine of <em>Coracias Garrulus</em>(SE) and lactofeed probiotic on performance and carcass characteristics parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 280 chicks were arranged into 28 experimental units with 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were included control, spraying Lactofeed, drinking Lactofeed and spraying+ drinking Lactofeed(LF) and spraying SE, drinking SE and spraying+ drinking SE. Spraying and drinking suspension with 1×10<sup>11</sup> cfu were done on 1, 10, 24 and 35 days. The blood of two birds from each replicate was gathered at 28 and 42days. The body weight was increased when birds received SE and LF. The FCR were lower in birds received drinking probiotic and in spraying+ drinking SE as compared to control. The addition of SE and LF were decreased the serum cholesterol (176 vs, 121 and triglyceride (105 vs. 65)concentration of broilers. The antibody response against SRBC was increased in birds received SE and LF (8.12 vs. 5.83. The jejunum population of gram positive (4.05 vs. 18.38) and gram negative bacteria (13.68 vs. 4.99) were increased and decreased, respectively, in experimental treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of <em>Enterococcus facium</em>isolates or lactofeed probiotic to water of chicks or spraying may improve the body weight and FCR, immune system and jejunum microflora of broiler chickens.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of <em>Enterococcus facium</em> isolates from intestine of <em>Coracias Garrulus</em>(SE) and lactofeed probiotic on performance and carcass characteristics parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 280 chicks were arranged into 28 experimental units with 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were included control, spraying Lactofeed, drinking Lactofeed and spraying+ drinking Lactofeed(LF) and spraying SE, drinking SE and spraying+ drinking SE. Spraying and drinking suspension with 1×10<sup>11</sup> cfu were done on 1, 10, 24 and 35 days. The blood of two birds from each replicate was gathered at 28 and 42days. The body weight was increased when birds received SE and LF. The FCR were lower in birds received drinking probiotic and in spraying+ drinking SE as compared to control. The addition of SE and LF were decreased the serum cholesterol (176 vs, 121 and triglyceride (105 vs. 65)concentration of broilers. The antibody response against SRBC was increased in birds received SE and LF (8.12 vs. 5.83. The jejunum population of gram positive (4.05 vs. 18.38) and gram negative bacteria (13.68 vs. 4.99) were increased and decreased, respectively, in experimental treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of <em>Enterococcus facium</em>isolates or lactofeed probiotic to water of chicks or spraying may improve the body weight and FCR, immune system and jejunum microflora of broiler chickens.https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1638_4aac67b17aaf3f574ebd04407c69eb0b.pdfUniversity of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Effect of In-ovo feeding of amino acids, albumin and dextrose on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in broilersEffect of In-ovo feeding of amino acids, albumin and dextrose on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in broilers63731639FAM.EslamiGraduated MSc student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranM.SalarmoiniAssociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranJournal Article20160329The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of <em>in ovo</em> injection of few nutrients on growth performance, some blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of broilers to 14 days of age. Three hundred and sixty fertile eggs assigned to 6 groups (including, 1: non-injected (or control 1), 2,3,4,5 and 6: injected into the amnion with 0.7 ml distilled water (control 2), blend of amino acids, albumin 20%, dextrose 20% and dextrose 10%, respectively) in a complete randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 eggs in each replicate. Injections were done into amnion by 23- gauge needle on 17.5 d of incubation. The results showed that <em>in ovo</em> injection of albumin increased body weight in the first day of hatch in comparison to control treatments. The relative weight of yolk sac was higher by the injection of albumin solution in comparison to control treatments on day of hatch. Chicks under control treatments also showed more blood's cholesterol and LDL at this age. The relative weight of liver in chicks hatched from eggs injected with distilled water was significantly higher than other treatments. Finally, referring to our results, it seems that <em>in ovo</em> injection of nutrients, especially albumin can be useful to improve chicks' performance.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of <em>in ovo</em> injection of few nutrients on growth performance, some blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of broilers to 14 days of age. Three hundred and sixty fertile eggs assigned to 6 groups (including, 1: non-injected (or control 1), 2,3,4,5 and 6: injected into the amnion with 0.7 ml distilled water (control 2), blend of amino acids, albumin 20%, dextrose 20% and dextrose 10%, respectively) in a complete randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 eggs in each replicate. Injections were done into amnion by 23- gauge needle on 17.5 d of incubation. The results showed that <em>in ovo</em> injection of albumin increased body weight in the first day of hatch in comparison to control treatments. The relative weight of yolk sac was higher by the injection of albumin solution in comparison to control treatments on day of hatch. Chicks under control treatments also showed more blood's cholesterol and LDL at this age. The relative weight of liver in chicks hatched from eggs injected with distilled water was significantly higher than other treatments. Finally, referring to our results, it seems that <em>in ovo</em> injection of nutrients, especially albumin can be useful to improve chicks' performance.https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1639_c9458656770bc0ca0237edd78ca41adc.pdfUniversity of GuilanAnimal Production Research2252-08724420160220Effect of guar meal and Hemicell enzyme on performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chicksEffect of guar meal and Hemicell enzyme on performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chicks75871640FAH.NabipourAfrouziDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Sari vocational University, Sari, IranM.RezaeiDepartment of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Fisheries, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, IranV.TaghizadehResearch and Development Unit, Zarbal Co., Amol, IranJournal Article20160329<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span class="hps">experiment was</span> <span class="hps">conducted to investigate</span> <span class="hps">effects of</span> <span class="hps">different levels of</span> <span class="hps">guar meal (</span>0, <span class="hps">5</span>, <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">10 %) and</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemi</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cell <span class="hps">enzyme (</span>0 <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">0.05</span> <span class="hps">%)</span> <span class="hps">on performance and carcass characteristics </span>in broiler chickens during grower and finisher periods in 2×3 factorial arrangement <span class="hps">with a</span> <span class="hps">randomized</span> <span class="hps">complete block design.</span> <span class="hps">360</span> <span class="hps">Ross male broiler chicks</span> <span class="hps">with</span> <span class="hps">6 treatments, 4 replicates and 15 chicks</span> <span class="hps">in each</span> <span class="hps">experimental unit in 4 blocks were</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">reared</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span class="hps">for 42 days.</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">During the experiment, feed intake</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, weight gain <span class="hps">and feed conversion ratio were measured.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> To evaluate carcass <span class="hps">components at 42 d</span>, four <span class="hps">birds </span>from each treatment were selected <span class="hps">and weights </span>of <span class="hps">carcass, thighs,</span> <span class="hps">breast</span>, abdominal fat, <span class="hps">liver</span>, spleen <span class="hps">and pancreas</span> were <span class="hps">determined</span> <span class="hps">as percentages</span>.<span class="hps"> Results of this study indicated, using of guar meal up to 5%</span> <span class="hps">in the diet</span> <span class="hps">had no</span> <span class="hps">significant effect on</span> <span class="hps">performance </span><span class="hps">and carcass components, but using of guar meal up to 10 % without </span><span class="hps">enzyme in the diet</span> <span class="hps">compared to</span> <span class="hps">the control were decreased feed intake (4098.21 <em>vs.</em> 4346.07 g), </span>weight gain (1822.75<span class="hps"> <em>vs.</em> 2092.83 g</span>), and<span class="hps"> increased</span> <span class="hps">feed conversion ratio (2.26 <em>vs. </em>2.08)</span> in total period of rearing <span class="hps">(<em>P</em><0.05). </span><span class="hps">Adding of</span> <span class="hps">enzyme</span> <span class="hps">to the</span> <span class="hps">diet containing</span> <span class="hps">10%</span> <span class="hps">guar meal</span> <span class="hps">improves</span> <span class="hps">feed intake and</span> <span class="hps">feed conversion ratio</span>, <span class="hps">but</span> <span class="hps">had no effect</span> <span class="hps">on </span><span class="hps">weight gain (<em>P</em><0.05).</span> <span class="hps">using of guar meal up to 10 % without</span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemicell</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> enzyme</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in the diet</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span class="hps">compared to</span> <span class="hps">the control were significantly reduced</span> <span class="hps">carcass </span><span class="hps">(70.32 <em>vs.</em> 71.50) and</span> <span class="hps">breast </span>(32.93 <em>vs.</em> 33.60)<span class="hps"> Percentages (<em>P</em><0.05). In general,</span><span class="hps">the results of this</span><span class="hps">experiment</span><span class="hps">showed that</span> use of <span class="hps">up to 5%</span> <span class="hps">guar meal</span> <span class="hps">without the use of</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemi</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cell </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">enzyme</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span class="hps">or</span> up to 10 % guar<span class="hps"> meal</span> with </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemi</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cell </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">enzyme</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span class="hps">in diets</span> <span class="hps">broiler had no</span> adverse effect on performance and carcass <span class="hps">components</span>.</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span class="hps">experiment was</span> <span class="hps">conducted to investigate</span> <span class="hps">effects of</span> <span class="hps">different levels of</span> <span class="hps">guar meal (</span>0, <span class="hps">5</span>, <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">10 %) and</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemi</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cell <span class="hps">enzyme (</span>0 <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">0.05</span> <span class="hps">%)</span> <span class="hps">on performance and carcass characteristics </span>in broiler chickens during grower and finisher periods in 2×3 factorial arrangement <span class="hps">with a</span> <span class="hps">randomized</span> <span class="hps">complete block design.</span> <span class="hps">360</span> <span class="hps">Ross male broiler chicks</span> <span class="hps">with</span> <span class="hps">6 treatments, 4 replicates and 15 chicks</span> <span class="hps">in each</span> <span class="hps">experimental unit in 4 blocks were</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">reared</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span class="hps">for 42 days.</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">During the experiment, feed intake</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, weight gain <span class="hps">and feed conversion ratio were measured.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> To evaluate carcass <span class="hps">components at 42 d</span>, four <span class="hps">birds </span>from each treatment were selected <span class="hps">and weights </span>of <span class="hps">carcass, thighs,</span> <span class="hps">breast</span>, abdominal fat, <span class="hps">liver</span>, spleen <span class="hps">and pancreas</span> were <span class="hps">determined</span> <span class="hps">as percentages</span>.<span class="hps"> Results of this study indicated, using of guar meal up to 5%</span> <span class="hps">in the diet</span> <span class="hps">had no</span> <span class="hps">significant effect on</span> <span class="hps">performance </span><span class="hps">and carcass components, but using of guar meal up to 10 % without </span><span class="hps">enzyme in the diet</span> <span class="hps">compared to</span> <span class="hps">the control were decreased feed intake (4098.21 <em>vs.</em> 4346.07 g), </span>weight gain (1822.75<span class="hps"> <em>vs.</em> 2092.83 g</span>), and<span class="hps"> increased</span> <span class="hps">feed conversion ratio (2.26 <em>vs. </em>2.08)</span> in total period of rearing <span class="hps">(<em>P</em><0.05). </span><span class="hps">Adding of</span> <span class="hps">enzyme</span> <span class="hps">to the</span> <span class="hps">diet containing</span> <span class="hps">10%</span> <span class="hps">guar meal</span> <span class="hps">improves</span> <span class="hps">feed intake and</span> <span class="hps">feed conversion ratio</span>, <span class="hps">but</span> <span class="hps">had no effect</span> <span class="hps">on </span><span class="hps">weight gain (<em>P</em><0.05).</span> <span class="hps">using of guar meal up to 10 % without</span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemicell</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> enzyme</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">in the diet</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span class="hps">compared to</span> <span class="hps">the control were significantly reduced</span> <span class="hps">carcass </span><span class="hps">(70.32 <em>vs.</em> 71.50) and</span> <span class="hps">breast </span>(32.93 <em>vs.</em> 33.60)<span class="hps"> Percentages (<em>P</em><0.05). In general,</span><span class="hps">the results of this</span><span class="hps">experiment</span><span class="hps">showed that</span> use of <span class="hps">up to 5%</span> <span class="hps">guar meal</span> <span class="hps">without the use of</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemi</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cell </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">enzyme</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span class="hps">or</span> up to 10 % guar<span class="hps"> meal</span> with </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemi</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cell </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">enzyme</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <span class="hps">in diets</span> <span class="hps">broiler had no</span> adverse effect on performance and carcass <span class="hps">components</span>.</span>https://ar.guilan.ac.ir/article_1640_133c095ee59354869a3456f7779cf199.pdf