بررسی عملکرد، کیفیت و کمیت گوشت، تخم تولیدی و باروری در برخی سویه های بلدرچین ژاپنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار ژنتیک و اصلاح دام، پژوهشکده دام های خاص، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار اصلاح نژاد دام، گروه علوم دامی و بیوانفورماتیک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

3 دانشیار پاتولوژی بالینی، گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

هدف از این تحقیق، مقایسه عملکرد، فراسنجه­های کیفیت و کمیت گوشت، تخم تولیدی و باروری در هفت سویه بلدرچین (خالدار ایتالیایی، وحشی، تکسدو، اسکارلت، سفید انگلیسی، ای ام تگزاس و وایت باتون) بود. بدین منظور از هر سویه تعدادی (125 وحشی، 159 خالدار ایتالیایی، 58 اسکارلت، 56 تکسدو، 81 سفید انگلیسی، 92 ای. ام. تگزاس و 57 وایت باتون) جوجه یک­روزه تولید و از روز اول تا آخر آزمایش در شرایط یکسان پرورش داده شدند. از سن 21 تا 35 روزگی وزن­کشی و اندازه­گیری مصرف خوراک برای محاسبه ضریب تبدیل سویه­ها انجام شد. در سن 42 روزگی، به صورت تصادفی از هر سویه 10 پرنده کشتار و بعد از اندازه­گیری اجزای لاشه، نمونه گوشت سینه و ران جهت بررسی کیفیت و اندازه­گیری ترکیبات شیمیایی گوشت گرفته شد. با شروع تخم­گذاری سویه­ها، تولید تخم روزانه ثبت شده و از تخم­های جمع­آوری شده جهت اندازه­گیری فراسنجه­های کیفی و کمّی تخم، باروری و جوجه­درآوری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که سویه اثر معنی­داری بر مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل 35-28 روزگی، خطر حذف در هفته ششم، اکسیداسیون روز 30 گوشت، افت خونابه روزهای 1 و 7، ترکیبات شیمیایی گوشت (به استثنای خاکستر)، فراسنجه­های کیمیت و کیفیت تولید تخم (به استثنای ارتفاع سفیده و واحد هاو) داشت (05/0 >p ). با توجه به نتایج عملکرد، فراسنجه­های اجزای لاشه و کیفیت گوشت، سویه وحشی و تکسدو به ترتیب بهترین عملکرد و کیفیت گوشت را داشتند. بالاترین و پایین­ترین درصد تولید تخم و باروری به ترتیب در سویه­های سفید انگلیسی (47/75 و 84/84 درصد) و وایت باتون (26/64 و 66/74 درصد) مشاهده شد. از لحاظ بسیاری از فراسنجه­های کیفیت تخم، سویه ای ام تگزاس مناسب­تر از سایر سویه­ها بود. با توجه به نتایج پیشنهاد می­شود در پرورش بلدرچین به منظور اهداف مختلف، بهتر است سویه مناسب انتخاب شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of performance, quality and quantity of meat, egg production and fertility of some Japanese quail strains

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Faraji- Arough 1
  • M. Rokouei 2
  • M. Jahantigh 3
1 Assistant Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Research Center of Special Domestic Animals, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science and Bioinformatics, Agriculture Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to compare the performance, quality and quantity of meat and egg production and fertility of seven quail strains (Italian speckled, Wild, Tuxedo, Scarlett, English White, A & M Texas and White Button). For this purpose, 125 Wild, 159 Italian speckled, 58 Scarlet, 56 Tuxedo, 81 English white, 92 A & M Texas and 57 White Button one-day-old chicks were hatched and reared from the first day under the same conditions. To calculate the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of strains, weight and feed intake of all quails were measured from 21 to 35 d of age. At day 42, 10 birds of each strain were randomly slaughtered and after measuring the carcass components, samples of breast and thigh meat were evaluated for their quality and chemical composition. After beginning the egg production, daily egg production was recorded and quality and quantity of egg parameters were recorded and fertility and hatching were evaluated. The results showed that strain had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, FCR, culling risk in week 6, oxidative stability of meat on  day 30, drip loss on days 1 and 7, chemical composition of meat (except for ash), quality and quantity of egg parameters (except for albumen height and Haugh unit) (p < /em><0.05). According to the results of this experiment, Wild strain and Tuxedo had the best performance and meat quality, respectively. The highest and the lowest egg production and fertility percentage were observed in English White (84.84 and 75.47%) and White Button strains (74.66 and 64.26%), respectively. In most egg quality parameters, A & M Texas strain was better than other strains. These results suggest that in quail production, suitable strain should be selected based on the purpose of rearing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meat oxidation
  • Quail
  • Feed conversion ratio
  • Haugh unit
  • Egg weight

مراجع

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 8، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 89-101

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