Determination of the nutritive value and investigation of the possibility of ensiling by-product pumpkin using wheat straw, wheat bran and urea

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 M.Sc. student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Associate professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The aims of this experiment were to determine the nutritive value and investigate the possibility of ensiling pumpkin by-product (PBP) using wheat straw, wheat bran and urea. The data were analyzed in acompletely randomized design with factorial arrangement 3×4. Chemical composition of PBP before ensiling was determined. Before silage preparation, wheat straw, wheat bran and urea were mixed (90, 8 and 2 percentages, respectively). After that PBP was ensiled with mixed ingredients in different proportions including the ratios of 70, 75, 80and 85 percent PBP and 30, 25, 20 and 15 percent of mixed ingredients respectively. Silages were opened at 30 and 60 days after ensiling. Nutritive value of silages was determined using gas production test at the 0, 30 and 60 days of ensiling. Water soluble carbohydrate, dry matter, ash, crude protein and ether extract of PBP were 6.81, 9.68, 11.46, 21.69 and 5.87 percent respectively. As the proportion of PBP in the silages increased, pH and NH3 decreased but buffering capacity and residual water soluble carbohydrate content increased. Data of in vitro gas production test indicated that potential gas production (b) and lag time (L) were not affected by the levels of PBP, however fractional rate of gas production (c) was influenced (P<0.05). Overall results showed that ensiling PBP with wheat straw, wheat bran and urea for a period of 30 days is a suitable method for preservation of nutritive value of PBP.

Keywords

References

نیکخواه  ع.، امانلو ح. 1381. مواد مغذی مورد نیاز گاو­های شیری (ترجمه). انتشارات دانشگاه زنجان.
ابرقویی م. ج.، علیپور د. و روزبهان ی. 1386. مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی دو نمونه تفاله زیتون هسته دار و بدون هسته با تفاله سیلو شده و تعیین ضرایب هضمی نمونه­های شاهد تفاله زیتون، دومین کنگره علوم دامی و آبزیان کشور موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، صفحات 131-134.
مختارپور غ. ر. 1370. انتخاب بهترین روش تهیه سیلوی بقایای کدو آجیلی. مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران.
 
Alfawaze M. A.  2004. Chemical composition and oil characteristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed kernels. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 129:5-18.
Alipour D. and Rouzbehan Y. 2007. Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial biomass yield. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 137: 138-149.
AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th edition. Association of Analytical chemists, Arlington, U.S.A.
Bai C. S., Zhang R. Z. Jiang C. Yan R. Han J. G. Zhu Y. and Zhang Y. J. 2011. Characterization of carbohydrate fractions and fermentation quality in ensiled alfalfa treated with different additives. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(48): 9958-9968. 
Balabanli C., Albayrak S. Turk M. and Yuksel O. 2010. A research on determination of hay yields and silage qualities of some vetch + cereal mixtures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15(2): 204-209.
Blummel M., Makkar H. P. S. and Becker K. 1997. In vitro gas production: A technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 77: 24-34.
Broderick G. A. and Kang J. H. 1980.­ Automated simultaneous determination ammonia and total acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy science, 63: 64-65.
Denek N. and Can A. 2006. Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 65: 260-265.
Deraize R. E. 1961. Routine analysis of carbohydrate and lignin in herbage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 12: 152-159.
Faitfull N. T. 2002. Methods in Agricultural Chemical Analysis: a Practical Handbook. CAB International. pp: 304.
Feed and agriculture organization of the United Nations. 2014. retrieved octoder 2014, from http:// Faostat. Fao.org.
France J., Dijkstra J., Dhanoa M. S., Lopez S. and Bannink. A. 2000. Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profile observed in vitro: derivation of models and other mathematical considerations. British Journal of Nutrition, 83: 143-150.
Getachew G., Blummel M. Makkar H.P.S. and Becker K. 1998. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science Technology. 72:261-281.
Getachew G., de Peters E. J. and Robinson P. H. 2004. In vitro gas production provides effective method for assessing ruminant feeds. California Agriculture, 58: 1-12.
Hashemi A. and Razzaghzadeh S. 2007. Investigation on the possibility of ensiling Cucurbita (Cucurbita pepo) residue and determination of best silage formula. Journal of animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(12): 1450-1452.
Jasaitis D. K., Wohlt J. E. and Evans J. L. 1987. Influence of feed ion content on buffering capacity of ruminant feedstuffs in vitro. Journal of Dairy science, 70: 1391-1403.
Kim M. Y., Kim E. J., Kim Y. N., Choi C. and Lee B. H. 2012. Comparison of the chemical compositions and nutritive values of various pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae) species and parts. Nutrition Research and Practice, 6(1): 21-27.
Kordi M. and Naserian A. A. 2012. Influence of wheat bran as a silage additive on chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production of citrus pulp silage. African Journal Biotechnology, 11(63): 12669-12674.
Kozloski G. V., Sengar C. C. D., Perottoni J. and Bonnecarrere Sanchez L. M. 2006. Evaluation of two methods for ammonia extraction and analysis in silage samples. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127: 336-342.
Le Ruyet P., Tucker W. B., Hogue J. F., Aslam M. and Lema M. 1992. Influence of dietary fiber and buffer value index on the ruminal milieu of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75: 2394-2408.
Makkar H. P. S. 2005. In vitro gas methods for evaluation of feeds containing phytochemicals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123 -124: 291-302.
McDonald P., Edwards R. A. Greenhalgh J. F. D. and Morgan C. A. 2002. Animal Nutrition 6th ed. Longman, London, UK, pp: 451-464.
McDonald P., Henderson A. R. and Herson S. J. E. 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage, 2nd edition. Chalcombe Publication, Marlow, UK.
Menke K. H. and Steingass H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysesand gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.
Menke K. H., Raab L., Salewski A., Steingass H., Fritz D. and Schneider W. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93: 217-222.
Moharrey A. 2007. The determination of buffering capacity of some ruminant's feedstuff and their cumulative effects on TMR ration. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2(4): 72-78.
Ottenstein D. M. and Bartley D. A. 1971. Improved gas chromatography separation of free acids C2-C5 in dilute solution analytical chemistry. Journal of analytical chemistry, 43(7): 952-955.
Pettersson K. and Lindgren S. 1989. The influence of the carbohydrate fraction and additives on silage quality. Grass and Forage Science, 45: 223.
Pirmohammadi R., Rouzbehan Y., Rezayazdi K. and Zahedifar M. 2006.Chemical composition, digestibility and in situ degradability of dried and ensiled apple pomace and maize silage. Small Rumin Research, 66: 150-155.
Razzaghzadeh S., Amini-Jabalkandi J. and Hashemi A. 2007. Effects of different levels of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) residue silage replacement with forage part of ration on male buffalo calves fattening performance. Research Journal of Animal Sciences, 1(3): 95-96.
Rezaei J., Rouzbehana Y. and Fazaeli H. 2009. Nutritive value of fresh and ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) treated with different levels of molasses. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 151: 153–160.
SAS. 2004. SAS® 9.1 SQL Procedure User’s Guide; Statistics. Statustical Analysis System Institute Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Seglar B. 2003. Fermentation Analysis and Silage Quality Testing. Global Agronomy and Nutritional Science.
Simsek M., Can A., Denek N. and Tonkaz T. 2011. The effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and silage quality of corn under semi-arid conditions. African Journal Biotechnology, 10(3): 5869-5877.
Thomas C., Wilson R. F., Wilkins R. J. and Wilkinson J. M. 1975. The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: II. The effect of urea on silage fermentation and on the voluntary intake and performance of young cattle fed maize silage-based diets. Journal of Agriculture Science, 84: 365-372.
Van soest P. J., Robertson J. B. and Lewis B. A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarchpolysaccharides (NSP) in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
Yahaya M. S., Kawai M., Takashashi J., Matsuoka S., Goto M. and Karita S. 2003. Effect of prolonging the time prioer to fillinginto the silo on degradation and digestibility of structural carbohydrates of orchardgrass. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2(3): 133-137.
Zhang J. S., Kumai S. and Fukumi R. 1997. Effects of temperature, moisture and cellulose on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) straw silage. Grassland Science, 43: 95-102.
Animal Production Research
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2015
Pages 39-55

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics