Effect of different levels of earthworm meal (Eisenia fetida) on performance and breast and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Graduated MSc. Student, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Current experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of earthworm meal (Eisenia fetida) on performance, breast and thigh meat quality in broiler chickens. For this purpose a completely randomized design with four levels of earthworm meal as treatments (0, 2%, 4% and 6%) was performed on 96 one day old Ross 308 male chicks. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates with 6 chickens in each replicate. At the end of the experiment (d 42), two birds from each replicate were slaughtered and In order to study breast and thigh meat quality parameters (meat Tiubarbitoric acid index, water holding capacity, pH and moisture ) one day and one month  after slaughtering transferred to freezer after carcass analysis. Results indicated that, dietary supplementation with( 2%) of earthworm meal compared to control and 6% earthworm meal  significantly increased body weight and feed intake (P<0.05), but it had not significant effect on feed conversion ratio. TBA index in breast meat of chickens fed with 2% of earthworm meal was significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05). After one month of meat storage TBA index was increased and pH and WHC were decreased. The lowest and the highest TBA values were observed one day after slaughter and one month after slaughter, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that use of (2%) of earthworm meal increased the final body weight, feed intake and improved breast meat quality in broiler chicks.

Keywords


پوررضا ج.، صادقی ق. و مهری م. 1385. تغذیه مرغ. اصفهان: انتشارات ارکان دانش، (ترجمه)672 ص.
جعفری صیادی ع .، نوید شاد ب. و اوحدی حائری . ١٣٧٩. خوراک های غیرمعمول در تغذیه حیوانات. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، ١٥٠ ص، چاپ اول.
رضایی م.، سحری م.ع.، معینی س.، صفری م. و غفاری ف. 1382. مقایسه کیفیت چربی کلیکای آنچوی در دو روش حمل و نگهداری موقت سرد. مجله علمی شیلات ایران، 3: 108- 97.
عبادی ز.، میر­هادی الف. و یعقوب فر الف. 1388. مقایسه انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب پودر کرم خاکی (Eisenia fetida) با دو نوع پودر ماهی (داخلی و وارداتی). فصلنامه پژوهش­های علوم دامی. (9) 6: 29-24.
گلیان الف. و سالار معینی م. 1374. در ترجمه تغذیه طیور، لیزن،  اس.، سامرز، جی.دی. (مولف). انتشارات واحد آموزش و پژوهش معاونت کشاورزی-سازمان اقتصادی کوثر، 348 ص.
نوری ن.، دهررکنی ن.، آخوندزاده بستی الف.، میثاقی ع.، دباغ مقدم الف.، یحیی رعیت ر. و قنبری سقرلون. 1391. اثر ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر E.coli O157:H7بر گوشت چرخ کرده گوساله در طی نگهداری در دمای یخچال به منظور جایگزینی با نگهدارنده های شیمیایی و تامین سلامت مصرف کنندگان. مجله علمی پژوهشی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران، 10: 197-192.
Ahn D. U., Wholfe F. H. and Sim J. S. 1995. Dietary α-linolenic acid and mited tocopherols and packaging influences on lipid stability in broiler chicken breast and leg muscle. Journal Food Science, 60: 1013-1018.
AOAC. 1992. Official methods of analysis. 13th ed. Assoc. off. Anal. Chem., Washington, D.C. Vol 1. No 1.
Cortinas L., Villaverde C., Galobart J., Baucells D. and Barroeta A. 2004. Fatty acid content in chicken thight and breast as affected  by dietary  polyunsaturated  level. Poultry Science, 83: 1155-1164.
Dono N. D., Damanik R., Pasaribu J. M. and Wibowo A. 2009 .The Effect of earthworm supplemention in  the ration on growth performance, carcass production, and abdominal fatness of broiler, In: Proceeding Internatonal Seminar AINI.18-19 julay. Indonesia.
Elboushy  A. R. Y. and Van Der Poel A. F. B. 1994. Processing and use of earthworm in poultry feed from waste. Chapman and Hall. P: 53-61.
Edwards, C. A. and Niedere A. 1988. The production and processing of earthworm. In: Edwards, C. A. and E. F. Neuhauser (eds.) Earthworm in waste and environmental management. 211-220 pp., SPB Academic Publishing, Hague, Netherlands.      
Edwards C. A. 1985. Production of Feed Protein from Animal Waste by earthworms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 310: 299-307.
Gous R. M. and Morris T. R. 1985. Evaluation of a diet dilution technique for measuring the response of broiler chickens to increasing concentrations of lysine. British Poultry Science, 26: 147-162.  
Huff-Lonergan E. and Lonergan S. M. 2005. Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat: The role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes. Meat Science, 71: 194-204.
Istiqomah L., Sofyan A., Damayanti E. and Julendra H. 2009. Amino acid profile of earthworm and earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) for animal feedstuff. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 34(4): 502-507.
Ignacio A. I., Carlos A. H., Luis A. V. and Paul H. 1993. Nutritional and toxicological evaluation on rats of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) meal as protein sourcefor animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 42: 165-172.
Ishii Y. and Hisashi M. 2011. Process for the production of dried earthworm powder and antihyperlipemic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and antihypotensive preparation containing dried earthworm powder as active ingredients. United States Patent US005128148A.
Janssen W. M. M. A. 1989. European table of energy values for poultry feedstuffs. 3rd ed. Beekbergen, Netherlands. Spelderholt Center for poultry Research and Information Services.
Jenson C., Lauridsen C. and Bertelsen G. 1998. Dietary vitamin E: quality and storage stability of pork and poultry. Trends in Food Science and Technology,9: 62-72.
Lee Y. B., Hargus G. L., Hagburg E. C. and Forsyth R. H. 1976. Effect of antemortem envirnmental temprature on postmortem glycolysis and tenderness in excised broiler breast muscle. Journal of Food Science, 41: 1466-1469.
Leonel F. R., Oba  A., Pelicano E. Z., Boiago N., Scatolini A. M., Lima T., Souza P. and Souza H. 2007. Performance, carcass yield, and qualitative characteristics of breast and leg muscle of broilers fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at different ages. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 9: 91-97.
Loh, T. C., Fong L. Y., Foo H. L., Thanh N. T. and Sheikh-Omar A. R. 2009. Utilisation of earthworm mealin partial replacement of soybean and fish meals in diets of broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 36: 29-32.
Morrissey P. A., Brandon S.,  Buckely D. J., Sheehy  P. J. A. and Frigg M. 1997. Tissue content of α-tocopherol and oxidative stability of broilers receiving dietary α-tocopherol acetate supplement for various periods post-slaughter. British Poultry Science, 38: 84-88.
Prayogi H. S. 2011. The Effect of Earthworm Meal Supplementation in the Diet on Quail’s Growth Performance in Attempt to Replace the Usage of Fish Meal. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10: 804-806.
Rathinamala J., Jayashree S. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy P. 2011. A field study on earthworm population in grass land and chemical fertilized land. Scholars Research Library, Annals of Biological Research, 2(4): 260-267.
Rahmani M., Attar A., Ghodratnama A. and Kermanshahi H. 2008. Study the effect of different levels of fat and L-carnitine on performance, carcass characteristics and serum composition of broiler chicks. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10: 1970-1976.
Rhee K. S. and Ziprin Y. A. 1987. Lipid oxidation in retail beef, pork and chicken muscles as affected by concentration of heme pigments and nonheme iron and liposomal enzymic peroxidation activity. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 11: 1-15.
Ryu Y. C., Rhee K. S., Lee K. M. and Kim B. C. 2005. Effects of different levels of dietary supplemental selenium on performance, lipid oxidation, and color stability of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 84: 809-815.
SAS Institutes. 2003. SAS User,s Guide, Version 6 Edition.SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Spolare P., Joannis-Cassan C. and Duran E. 2005. Commerical applications of microalagae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 101: 87-96.
Tarladgis B. G., Watts B. M. and Younathan M. T. 1960. A distillation method for the quantitive determination of malonaldehyde in rancid food. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 37: 44-48.
Yujing Z., Wei L. and Yong Z. 2010. Effect of earthworm powder substitution to fish meal on slaughter   performance and meat quality of broilers. Journal of China Poultry, 19: 502-505.