Evaluation of different levels of dietary crude protein on hatchability, chick weights, and immune response of khorasan’s native hens

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Khorasan Razavi

2 Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on reproductive performance of native hens at Khorasan stations using 300 hens, in a completely randomized design with 6 dietary treatments and 5 replicates and 10 hens in each replicate from 26 to 50 weeks of age. Treatments based on corn, soybean meal and wheat with different levels of protein, including 17.5, 16, 14.5, 13, 11.5, and 10% CP levels and another nutrient including the energy was equal as possible. Results showed that the initial weight of chickens and the ratio of chicken weight to egg weight increased with CP levels upto 16% from the beginning of experimental period to 50 weeks and decreased with 17.5% CP level. The highest hatchability percentage in all periods was related to the 17.5% CP diet that showed significant difference with other treatments (P<0/05). Results on immune responses showed that treatment with 17.5 % CP, the highest titer of antibody against SRBC, IgG and IgM (P<0/05). In relation to cellular immunity (Test CBH) the result was slightly different and the highest cellular immune response to treatments containing 16% CP and higher levels of CP (17.5%) education compared to the treatment (16%). Overall, the results showed that reproductive performance and humoral immune response of native birds improved with increasing levels of CP.

Keywords


حسابی نامقی ع. ر.، شوریده ا. ر.، میرزایی ر. ا. و اردلان دوست ا. ا. 1389. ارزیابی اسید آمینه متیونین بر وزن تخم مرغ، جوجه درآوری و پاسخ ایمنی در مرغان بومی استان خراسان. مجله تحقیقات دامی ایران، 3 (3): 229-235.
غیور پ.، قیصری ا. و اقبال سعید ش. 1389. اثرات سطوح متفاوت کنجاله کلزای جیره بر عملکرد، جوجه درآوری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ در مرغان مادر بومی. مجموعه مقالات چهارمین کنفرانس علوم دامی. 203-206.
Alodan M. A. and Mashaly M. M. 1999. Effect of induced molting in laying hens on production and immune parameters. Poultry Science, 78: 171– 177.
Bhargava K. K., Hanson R. P. and Sunde M. L. 1971. Effects of threonine on growth and antibody production in chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus. Poultry Science, 50: 710– 713.
Bnuer F., Tullett S. G. and Wilson H. R. 1990. Effects of setting eggs small end up on hatchability and
pthatching performance of broilers. British Poultry Science, 31: 715- 724.
Bowmaker J. E. and Gous R. M. 1991. The response of broiler breeder hens to dietary lysine and methionine. British Poultry Science, 32: 1069- 1088.
Brake J., Garlich J. D. and Baughman G. R. 1989. Effect of lighting program during the growing period and dietary fat during the laying period on broiler breeder performance. Poultry Science, 68: 1185- 1192.
Chambers J. R., Smith A. D. and Friars G. W. 1974. Some reasons of normal and dwarf broiler breeder hens. Poultry Science, 53: 864- 870.
Chao C. H. and Lee Y. P. 2001. Relationship between reproductive performance and immunity in Taiwan country chickens. Poultry Science, 80: 535– 540.
Golian A. M., Azghadi A. and Pilevar M. 2010. Influence of various levels of energy and protein on performance and humoral immune responses in broiler chicks. Global Veterinaria, 4 (5): 434- 440.
Humphrey B. D. and Klasing K. C. 2004. Modulation of nutrient metabolism and homeostasis by the immune system. Journal od World’s Poultry Science, 60: 90– 100.
Khajali F. E., Khoshouie A., Dehkordi S. K. and Hematian M. 2008. Production performance and egg quality of Hy-Line W36 laying hens fed reduced-protein diets at a constant total sulfur amino acid:lysine ratio. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17: 390- 397.
Kirk S., Emmans G. C., McDonald R. and Amof D. 1980. Factors affecting the hatchability of eggs from broiler breeders. British Poultry Science, 21: 37- 53.
Klasing K. C., and Austic R. E. 1984. Changes in protein synthesis due to an inflammatory challenge. Biology Medician, 176: 285– 291.
Konashi S., Takahashi K. and Akiba Y. 2000. Effects of dietary essential amino acid deficiencies on immunological variables in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 83: 449- 459.
Leeson S. and Caston L. J. 1996. Response of laying hens to diets varying in crude protein or available phosphorous. Journal Applied Poultry Resesrch, 5: 289– 296.
Leeson S., and Summers J. D. 1983. Consequence of increased feed allowance for growing broiler breeder pullets as a means of stimulating early maturity. Poultry Science, 62: 6- 11.
Leshchinsky T. V. and Klasing K. C. 2001. Relationship between the level of dietary vitamin E and immune response of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 80: 1590- 1599.
Lopez G. and Leeson S. 1994a. Response of older broiler breeders to medium- high intakes of protein. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 3: 157- 163.
Lopez G. and Leeson S. 1994b. Egg weight and offspring performance of older broiler breeders fed low-protein diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 3: 164- 170.
Lopez G. and Leeson S. 1994c. Nutrition and breeder performance: a review with emphasis on response to diet protein. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 3: 303- 311.
Mashaly M. M., Heetkamp M. J. W., Parmentier H. K. and Schrama J. W. 2000. Influence of genetic selection for antibody production against sheep blood cells on energy metabolism in laying hens. Poultry Science, 79: 519– 524.
McDankl G. R., Brake J. and Bushong R. D. 1981b. Factors affecting broiler performance. Relationship of daily feed intake level to reproductive performance of pullets. Poultry Science, 60: 307- 312.
McDankl G. R., Brake J. and Echnnn M. K. 1981a. Factors affecting broiler breeder performance. 4. The inter relationship of some reproductive traits. Poultry Science, 60: 1792- 1797.
Mercier S., Breuille D., Mosoni L., Obled C. and Patureau Mirand P. 2002. Chronic inflammation alters protein metabolism in several organs of adult rats. Journal of Nutrition, 132: 1921– 1928.
Morris R. H., Hessels D. F. and Bishop R. J. 1968. The relationship between hatching egg weight and subsequent performance of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 9: 305- 315.
Morris T. R. 1968. The effect of dietary energy level on the volunta calorie intake of laying birds. British Poultry Science, 9: 285- 295.
Patel M. B. and McCinnis J. 1977. The effect of level of protein and vitamin in hen diets on eggs production and hatchability of egg and on livability and growth of chickens. Poultry Science, 56: 45- 53.
Payne C. J., Scott T. R., Dick J.W. and Glick B. 1990. Immunity to Pasteurellamultocida in protein-deficient chickens. Poultry Science, 69: 2134– 2142.
Pearson R. A. and Herron K. M. 1981. Effects of energy and protein allowances during layer the reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens. British Poultry Science, 22: 227- 239.
Pearson R. A. and Herron K. M. 1982. Effects of maternal energy and protein intakes on the incidence of malformations and time of death during incubation. British Poultry Science, 23: 71- 77.
Sharma J. M. and Schat K. A. 1991. Natural immune functions. Avian Cellular, 23: 52- 66.
Sung N. H. and Meydani S. N. 1999. Vitamin E and infectious in the aged. Journal of Nutrition, 58: 697- 705.
Takahashi K., Konashi S., Akiba Y. and Horiguchi M. 1994. Effects of dietary threonine level on antibody production in growing broilers. Animal Science and Technology, 65: 956– 960.
Tsiagbe V. K., Good M. E., Harper A. E. and Sund M. L. 1987. Efficacy of cysteine in replacing methionine in the immune responses of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 66: 1138– 1146.
Van der Zijpp A. J., and Leenstra F. R. 1980. Genetic analysis of the humoral immune response of White Leghorn chicks. Poultry Science, 59: 1363– 1369.