Effect of bacterial additives, organic acid and urea on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and digestibility parameters of triticale forage silage in vitro

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former MSc. Student of Animal Science Department, Fculty of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Ganbad Kavous Universty, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Iran

3 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different additives on chemical composition, fermentation characteristic, gas production and digestibility parameters of triticale silage and its comparison with barley silage in a complete randomized design. Whole crop triticale and barley were harvested and chopped with a conventional forage harvester under farm condition to length of 2-3 cm. Representative of triticale and barley forage samples were packed manually, in triplicate into plastic bags. The filled silos were stored at ambient temperature and allowed to ensile for 3, 7, 21 and 45 days. The following treatments were applied to the forage samples: 1) triticale silage without any additives (control), 2) control + bacterial inoculants, 3) control + organic acid, 4) control + urea and 5) barley silage. Results showed that triticale silages had higher DM content than barley silage, although there were no significant differences among triticale silages. However, barley silage had lowest pH than other treatment in all times after ensilage. Triticale silage treated with organic had highest aerobic stability (p

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

اشکور قربانی ح.، جعفری خورشیدی ک. و جعفری م. 1387. تأثیر روش­های مختلف فرآوری شیمیایی بر میزان تجزیه­پذیری دیواره سلولی کاه سویا. سومین کنگره ملی بازیافت و استفاده از منابع آلی تجدید شونده در کشاورزی.
امام ی. 1383. زراعت غلات. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. 164-161.
فضایلی ح.، حاجیلری د.، یزدانی ا.، زر­ه­داران س. و مهاجر م. 1390. مقایسه سطوح مختلف جایگزینی علوفه سیلو شده ذرت با علوفه سیلو شده تریتیکاله در جیره غذایی بره­های نر زل در حال رشد. پژوهشهای علوم دامی، 21: 55-43.
قورچی ت. 1378. اثر افزودنی­های مختلف و سطوح آنها بر کیفیت علوفه سیلو شده آزولا و قصیل جو. گزارش طرح پژوهشی. صفحه 83.
قوشچی ف. 1379. تریتیکاله نخستین غله­ ساخته دست بشر. انتشارات کارنو. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین. 76 صفحه.
منصوری ه.، نیکخواه ع.، رضائیان م.، مرادی م. و میرهادی س. آ. 1382. تعیین میزان تجزیه­پذیری علوفه با استفاده از فن تولید گاز و کیسه­های نایلونی. علوم کشاورزی ایران، 34: 507-495.
وطن دوست م. 1390. تأثیر افزودنی­های شیمیایی و زیستی بر ویژگی­های گوارش­پذیری و تولیدی علوفه سیلو شده علوفه کامل جو در گاو های شیرده هلشتاین. رساله دکتری رشته علوم دامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ص 4.
AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Ashbell G., Weinberg Z. G., Azriel A., Hen Y. and Horev B. 1991. A simple system to study the aerobic deterioration of silages. Canadian Agriculture and Engineering, 33: 391–393.
Baron V. S., Erasmus O. and Campbell A. 2000. Optimizing yield and quality of cereal silage. Advances in Dairy Technology, 12: 351-367.
Bernard J. K., West J. W. and Trammell D. S. 2002. Effect of replacing corn silage with annual ryegrass silage on nutrient digestibility, intake, and milk yield for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85: 2277-2282.
Blummel M. and Orskov E. R. 1993. Composition of In vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting food intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 40: 109-119.
Blummel M. and Becker K. 1997. The degradability characteristics of fifty-four roughages and roughage neutral-detergent fibers as described by in vitro gas production and their relationship to voluntary feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 77: 757-768.
Blummel M., Makkar H. P. S and Becker K. 1997. In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 77: 34-24.
Britt D. G., Huber J. T. and Rogers A. L. 1975. Fungal growth and acid production during fermentation and refermentation of organic acid treated corn silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 58: 532-539.
Broderick G. A. and Kang J. H. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Animal Science, 63: 64–75.
Brouwer J. B. 1977. Developmental responses of different hexaploid triticale to temperature and photoperiod . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 17(88): 826-831.
Getachew G., Depiters E. J. and Robinson P. H. 2002. In vitro gas production provides effective method for assessing ruminant feeds. California Agriculture, 58: 54-58.
Goering H. K. and Waldo D. R. 1980. Anhydrous ammonia addition to whole corn plant for ensiling. Journal of Dairy Science, 63(Suppl. 1): 183 (Abstr.).
Hedge J. E. and Hofreiter B. T. 1962. In: Carbohydrate Chemistry 17 (Eds Whistle R.L. and Be Miller, J.N.) Academic Press, New York. Helander I.M., Alakomi H., Latva-Kala K., Mattila-Sandholm T., Pol I., Smid E.J., Gorris L.G.M. and Wright A. 1998. Characteritzation of the action of selected essential oil components on gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Agriculther Food Chemestery, 46: 3590–3595.
Hoffman P. C. and Ocker S. M. 1997. Quantification of milk yield losses associated with feeding aerobically unstable high moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(Suppl.1): 234 (Abstr.).
Huber J. T., Foldager J. and Smith N. E. 1979. Nitrogen distribution in corn silage treated with varying levels of ammonia. Journal of Animal Science, 48: 1509-1515.
Iptas S. and Yavus M. 2008. Effect of pollination levels on yield and quality of maize grown for silage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32: 41-48.
Khorasani G. R. and Kennelly J. J. 1998. Optimizing cereal silage quality. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
Kung J. L. and Muck R. E. 1997. Animal response to silage additives. In: Proceedings of the Silage: Field to Feed bunk, North American Conference, Hershey, PA USA 1997 pp. 200–210. Hershey PA USA: Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service.
Kung L. and Ranjit N. K. 2003. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 84: 1149–1155.
Knuckle W. E., Chambliss C. G., Adesogan A. T. and Adjei M. B. 2006. Silage harvesting, Storing and Feeding. University of florida online. Available: http://edis. Ifas.ufl.edu./publication.html.
Leaver J. D. 1975. The use of propionic acid as an additive for maize silage. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 30: 17-21.
Lauer J. 1995. Corn germplasm for silage uses. Field Crops, 28(4-5): 1-4.
Makkar H. P. 2005. In vitro gas methods for evaluation of feeds containing phytochemicals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123: 291-302.
McCartney D. H. and Veg A. S. 1994. Comparative yield and feeding value of barley, oat and triticale silage. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 74: 91-96.
Menke K. H., Raab L., Solewski A., Steingass H., Fritz D. and Schneider W. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agriculture science, 93: 217-222.
Menke K. H. and Steingass H. H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Journal of Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.
Muck R. E. and Kung L. Jr. 1997. Effects of silage additives on ensiling. Pages 187-199 in Silage: Field to Feedbunk. North American Conference, Hershey, PA. NRAES-99.
Nagel S. A. and Broderick G. A. 1992. Effect of formic acid or formaldehyde treatment of alfalfa silage on nutrient utilization by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75: 140-154.
Olivera M. P. 1998. Use of in vitro gas production technique to assess the contribution of both soluble and insoluble fraction on the nutritive value of forage. A thesis submitted to the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of science in Animal Nutrition.
Ørskov E. R. and McDonald I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agriculture Science, 92: 499-503.
Pitt R. E., Liu, Y. and Muck R. E. 1991. Simulation of the effect of additives on aerobic stability of alfalfa and corn silages. Transactions of the ASAE, 34: 1633-1641.
Reynar S. M., Ipharraguerre I. R., Lineiro M., Brito A. F., Broderick G. A. and Clark J. H. 2007. Omasal flow of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with proteins of varying ruminal degradability. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 1887-1903.
Sands F., Royo C. and Romagosa C. I. 2004. Growth and yield responses of spring and winter triticale cultivated under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 20(3): 281-292.
SAS. 2003. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Theodore M. K., Williams B. A., Dhanoa M. S., McAllan A. B. and France J. 1994. A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Scince and Technology, 48: 185–197.
Van Soest  P. J., Robertson J. B. and Lewis B. A. 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583-3597.
Weinberg Z. G., Szakacs G., Ashbell G. and Hen Y. 2001. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri and lactobacillus plantarum, applied at ensiling on the ensiling fermentation and aerobic stability of wheat and sorghum silage. Journal of Indian Microbial Biotechnology, 23: 218–222.
Wheeler J. L. and Mulcahy C. 1989. Consequences for animal production of cyanogenesis in sorghum and hay. Tropic Grasslands, 23: 193-202.
Whitlock, L. A., Wistuba T. J., Seifers M. K., Pope R. V. and Bolsen K. K. 2000. Effect of level of surface-spoiled silage on the nutritive value of corn silage diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(Suppl. 1): 110 (Abstr.).
Yang C. M. J. 2002. Response of forage fiber degradation by ruminal microorganisms to branched chain volatile fatty acids, amino acids, and dipeptides. Journal of Dairy Science, 85: 1183-1190.
Animal Production Research
Volume 6, Issue 2
September 2017
Pages 13-27

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics