Effect of replacing different levels of full fat soybean with soybean meal on carcass characteristics, lipid oxidation and meat quality of Zel fattening lambs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc. Graduated of Animal Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 MSc. in Jihad-Agriculture Organization of Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of replacement of full fat soybean meal with soybean meal. In this study, the average daily growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, relative weight rate, specific growth rate, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fat oxidation rate of roast muscle were measured in Zel fattening lambs. The lambs had a mean age of three months at the initiation of fattening and a weight of 19.44±0.1 kg. At 14 weeks of experiment (two weeks of habituation and 12 weeks of fattening), the lambs were divided into four treatments (0, 33, 66 and 100% high fat soybean meal replacement, respectively) and each treatment with five replicates. The results showed that the average daily growth rate, relative weight percentage and specific growth rate increased with increasing soybean percentage. At the end of the experiment, 12 lambs (three lambs from each group) were slaughtered and in carcass dissection, weight, carcass, heart, liver, four parts stomach, the hands, thighs and the shoulder and hip carcass showed significant increase by increasing the amount of soybeans diet. Taste quality, overall acceptability and meat texture were also improved (p < /em><0.05). By increasing the shelf life of the shelf muscle (one and two months), the oxidation rate of meat fat was significantly reduced (p < /em><0.05). The results of this study showed that the use of high-fat soybean increased the growth performance indices in lambs and also reduced the oxidation rate and improved the meat quality indices during cold storage.

Keywords

Main Subjects


حاتمی آفکویی ع. 1388. اثرات فرآوری شیمیایی و فیزیکی کنجاله سویا و کلزا بر تجزیه پذیری شکمبه و فراسنجه های خونی و عملکرد بره های نژاد مهربان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده علوم دامی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا-همدان.
Abedini M. 2011. Review on processing and production of full fat soybean. World Cultivation and Industry, 69: 49-54.
Al-Jassim R. A. M., Al-Ani A. N., Hassan S. A., Dana T. K. and Al-Jarian L. J. 1991. Effect of dietary supplementation with rumen undegradable protein on carcass characteristics of Iraqi Awassi lambs and desert goats. Small Ruminant Research, 4: 269-275.
Antonuvic Z., Domacinovic M., Speranda M., Liker B., Mioc B., Seric V. and Speranda T. 2009. Effect of roasted cereals and soybean in feed mixtures on fattening and slaughter traits as well as blood composition in fattening lambs. Archiv Tierzucht, 525: 512-526.
Bessa R. J. B., Portugal P. V., Mendes I. A. and Santos-Silva J. 2005. Effect of lipid supplementation on growth performance, carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipids of lambs fed dehydrated lucerne or concentrate. Livestock Production Science, 96: 185-194.
Block E., Muller L. D., Griel L. C. and Garwood D. L. 1981. Brown midrib-3 corn silage and heated extruded soybeans for early lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 64(9): 1813-1825.
Brand T. S., Vander Merwe G. D. and Young D. 2001. Fullfat canola as protein source in diets for finishing lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 41: 235-238.
Can A., Denek N. D. and Tufenk S. 2004. Effect of escape protein level on finishing performance of Awassi lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 55: 215-219.
Chilliard Y., Ferlay A., Mansbridge R. M. and Doreau M. 2000. Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturatead, poly unsaturated, transand conjugated fatty acids. Annales de Zootechnie, 49: 181-205.
Chouinard P. Y., LeVesque J., Girard V. and Brisson G. J. 1997. Dietary soybean extruded at different temperatures: Milk composition and in situ fatty acid reactions. Journal of Dairy Science, 80: 2913-2924.
CIE. 1986. Colorimetry (2nd ed.). CIE Publications No. 15.2. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, Vienna.
Esterbauer H. and Cheeseman K. H. 1990. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods in Enzymology, 186: 407-421.
Goyache F., Fernandez I., Luis J., Royo Álvarez I. and Gutierrez J. 2003. Factors affecting actual weaning weight, preweaning average daily gain and relative growth rate in Asturiana de los Valles beef cattle breed. Archiv Tierzucht, 46: 235-244.
Habib G., Siddiqui M. M., Mian H. F., Jabar J. and Khan F. 2001. Effect of protein supplement of varying degradability on growth rate, wool yield and wool quality in grazing lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 41: 247-256.
Hegarty R. S., Neutze S. A. and Oddy V. H. 1999. Effect of protein and energy supply on the growth and carcass composition of lambs from differing nutritional histories. Journal of Agricaltural Science. 132: 361-375.
Hopkins D. L. and Nicholson A. 1999. Meat quality of wether lambs grazed on either saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) plus supplementes or lucerne (medicage sative). Journal of Meat Science, 51: 91-95.
Hunter R. and Harold R. 1987. Uniform color scales. The measurement of appearance (pp. 135–148). (2nd ed.). Reston, VA: Hunter Associates Laboratory.
Lough D. S., Solomon M. B., Rumsey T. S., Kahl S. and Slyter L. L. 1994. The effects of high-forage diets with added palm oil on performance, plasma lipids, and carcass characteristics of ram lambs with initially high or low plasma cholesterol. Journal of Animal Science, 72: 330-336.
Macit M., Aksakal V., Emsen E., Aksu M. I., Karaoglu M. and Esenbuga N. 2003. Effects of vitamin E supplementation of performance and meat quality traits on Morkaraman male lambs. Meat Science, 63: 51-55.
Madron M. S., Peterson D. G., Dwyer D. A., Corl B. A., Baumgard L. H., Beermann D. H. and Bauman D. E. 2002. Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on conjugated linoleic acid content of intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous fat in beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 80: 1135-1143.
Manso T., Bodas R., Castro T., Jimeno V. and Mantecon A. 2009. Animal performance and fatty acid composition of lambs fed with different vegetable oils. Meat Science, 83: 511-516.
McNiven M. A., Duynisveld J., Charmley E. and Mitchell A. 2004. Processing of soybean affects meat fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in beef cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116: 175-184.
Mielke C. D. and Schingoethe D. J. 1981. Heat-treated soybeans for lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 64(7): 1579-1585.
Molina A. E., Yanez Ruiz D. R., Moumen A. and Martin Garcia A. I. 2003. Ruminal degradability and in vitro intestinal digestibility of sunflower meal and in vitro digestibility of olive by-products supplemented with urea or sunflower meal: Comparison between goats and sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 110: 3-15.
Mottram D. S. and Salter L. J. 1988. Flavor formation in meat-related Maillard systems containing phospholipids. In (pp.442-451): ACS Publications.
Najafi M., Zeinoaldini S., Ganjkhanlou M., Mohammadi H., Hopkins D. and Ponnampalam E. 2012. Performance, carcass traits, muscle fatty acid composition and meat sensory properties of male Mahabadi goat kids fed palm oil, soybean oil or fish oil. Meat science, 92: 848-854.
Nerin C., Tovar L., Djenane D., Camo J., Salafranca J., Beltrán J. A. and Roncalés P. 2006. Stabilization of beef meat by a new active packaging containing natural antioxidants. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 52: 5598-5605.
NRC. 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheeps, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Ed. Washengton, DC.
Pinkas A., Penka M., Tomov I. and Monin G. 1982. Influence of age at slaughter, rearing technique and pre-slaughter treatment on some quality traits of lamb meat. Meat Science, 6: 245-255.
Pooramini M., Kamali A., Hajimoradloo A., Alizadeh M. and Ghorbani R. 2009. Effect of using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as probiotic on growth parameters, survival and carcass quality in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. International Aquatic Research, 1: 39-44.
Realini C. E., Duckett S. K., Brito G. W., Dalla Rizza M. and De Mattos D. 2004. Effect of pasture vs. concentrate feeding with or without antioxidants on carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition and quality of Uruguayan beef. Meat Science, 66: 567-577.
Rizzi L., Simioli M., Sardi L. and Monetti P. G. 2002. Carcass quality, meat chemical and fatty acid composition of lambs fed diets containing extruded soybeans and sunflower seeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 97: 103-114.
Santos-Silva J., Bessa R. J. B. and Mendes I. A. 2003. The effect of supplementation with expanded sunflower seed on carcass and meat quality of lambs raised on pasture. Meat Science, 65: 1301-1308.
Santos-Silva J., Bessa R. J. B., Ribeiro J. M. R. and Portugal A. V. 1998. Utilizac¸ao de o´ leo de soja como suplemento de luzerna desidratada na alimentac¸ao de borregos em crescimento: 1. Efeitos no crescimento e nas caracterı´sticas das carcac¸as (Abstract). Resumos do VIII Congresso de Zootecnia, Associac¸a˜o Portuguesa de Engenheiros Zoote´cnicos, Angra do Heroı´smo, pp. 144.
Santos-Silva J., Mendes I. A., Portugal P. V. and Bessa R. J. B. 2004. Effect of particle size and soybean oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipids of lambs. Livestock Production Science, 90: 79–88.
Sanudo C., Nute G. R., Campo M. M., María G., Baker A., Sierra I., Enser M. E. and Wood J. D. 1998. Assessment of commercial lamb meat quality by British and Spanish taste panels. Meat Science, 48: 91-100.
SAS Institute. 2004. SAS/STAT 9.1 User’s Guide.SAS Institute Incorporated, Cary, NC.
Thirumaran G. and Anantharaman P. 2009. Daily growth rate of field farming seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P. Silva in Vellar Estuary. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1(3): 144-153.
Titgemeyer E. C., Merchen N. R., Berger L. L. and Deetz L. E. 1998. Estimation of lysine and metionine requirements of growing streers fed corn silage based on corn based diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 71: 421-429.
Wood J. D., Richardson R. I., Nute G. R., Fisher A. V., Campo M. M., Kasapidou E., Sheard P. R. and Enser M. 2003. Effects of fatty acids on meat quality: a review. Meat Science, 66: 21-32.