Effect of enriched nucleotide supplement on growth performance and immune responses in broilers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc. Graduated, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of nucleotide supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chickens. An experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using 300 day-old male chicks, were divided into five treatments with five replicates and 12 chicks in each replicate. The treatments consisted of the basal diet without additives (control), the basal ration + 500 g/ton of probiotic CloSTAT, basal diet + 400, 500 and 600 g/ton enriched nucleotide supplement, respectively. Daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured at the end of each period. Humoral and cellular immunities were evaluated by intramuscular injection of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) in wing, respectively. The results indicated that all levels of the nucleotide reduced the daily feed intake (89.7, 83.3 and 79.4 vs. 98.2 g, respectively) and improved feed conversion ratio (1.67, 1.62 and 1.62 vs. 1.93, respectively; p < /em><0.05).  On day 28, probiotic CloSTAT and 400 and 500 g/ton of nucleotide had higher levels of total anti-SRBC (5.20, 6.60 and 6.90 vs. 3.20) and IgM (2.60, 3.20 and 2.20 vs. 0.90; p < /em><0.05). On day 35, the treatments of 400 and 500 g/ton nucleotide have higher total anti-SRBC (6.60 and 6.10 vs. 3.80 and 4.50), IgG (3.50 and 3.30 vs. 2.10 and 2.50) and IgM (3.10 and 2.80 vs. 1.70 and 2.00) than the control group and probiotic CloSTAT (p < /em><0.05).  Cell immunity in response to PHA-P injection was not affected by treatment groups (p < /em>>0.05). It is concluded that consumption of 400 and 500 g/ton enriched nucleotide supplement in the diet has beneficial effects on performance and immune responses of broiler chicks.

Keywords

Main Subjects


اکبری م.،  کرمانشاهی ح.، و  کلیدری غ. ۱۳۸۳. بررسی افزودن اسید استیک در آب آشامیدنی بر عملکرد، شاخص­های رشد و جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم جوجه­های گوشتی.  علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ۳۷: ۱39-۱46.
سلطانی م.، مظهری م.، و اسماعیل­پور ا. ع. 1394. اثر سطوح گوناگون پروبیوتیک کلوستات بر عملکرد و ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی در دوره پایانی. تولیدات دامی، 17(2): 291-300.
Abudabos A., Alyemni A. and Al Marshad B. A. 2013. Bacillus subtilis PB6 based-probiotic (CloSTATTM) improves intestinal morphological and microbiological status of broiler chickens under Clostridium perfringens challenge. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 6: 978-982.
Adjei A. A., Jones J. T., Enriquez F. J. and Yamamoto S. 1999. Dietary nucleosides and nucleotides reduce cryptosporidium parvum infection in dexamethasone immunosuppressed adult mice. Experimental Parasitology, 92(3): 199-208.
Berg J. M., Tymoczko J. L., Gatto G. J. and Stryer L. 2015. Biochemistry. 8th Ed. WH Freeman., New York.
Biggs P., Parsons C. M. and Fahey G. C. 2007. The effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poultry Science, 86(11): 2327-2336.
Blair R. 2008. Nutrition and feeding of organic poultry. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford shire.
Borda E., Martinez-Puig D. and Cordoba X. 2003. A balanced nucleotide supply makes sense. Feed Mix, 11, 24-26.
Burrells C., Williams P. D. and Forno P. F. 2001. Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds. (1) Effects on resistance to disease in salmonids. Aquaculture, 199: 159-169.
Cetin N., Guclu  B. and Cetin B. 2005. The effect of probiotic and mannanoligosaccharide on some haematological and immunological parameters in turkeys. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, (52): 263-267.
Cosgrove M. 1998. Perinatal and infant nutrition. Nucleotides. Nutrition, 14: 748-751.
Gao J., Zhang H. J., Wu S. G., Yu S. H., Yoon I., Moore D., Gao Y. P., Yan H. J. and Qi G. H. 2009. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on immune functions of broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella. Poultry Science, 88(10): 2141-2151.
Gardiner K. R., Kirk S. J. and Rowlands B. J. 1995. Novel substrates to maintain gut integrity. Nutrition Research Reviews, 8: 776-782. 
Geyra A., Uni Z. and Sklan D. 2001. Enterocyte dynamic and mucosal development in the posthatch chick. Poultry Science, 80(6): 776-782.
Gil A. 2002. Modulation of the immune response mediated by dietary nucleotides. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56 Suppl. 3: S1-S4.
Grasman K. A. 2010. In vivo functional tests for assessing immunotoxicity in birds. In: RR. dietert (Ed.), Immunotoxicity Testing, Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular biology. 1st edn. Humana press. New York, pp. 387-397.
Grimble G. and Westwood O. M. 2001. Nucleotides as immunomodulators in clinical nutrition. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 4: 57-64. 
Jung B. and Batal A. B. 2012. Effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. British Poultry Science, 53(1): 98-105.
Kabir S. M. L., Rahman M. M, Rahman M. B, Rahman M. M, and Ahmed S. U. 2014. The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3: 361-364.
Klis F. M., Boorsma A. and De Groot P. W. 2006. Cell wall construction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast, 23(3): 185-202.
Kocher A., Canolly A., Zawadzki J. and Gallet D. 2004. The challenge of finding alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. International Society for Animal Hygiene-Saint Malo, 227-229.
Lensing M., van der Klis J. D.,Yoon I. and Moore D. T. 2012. Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerecvisae fermentation product on intestinal health and productivity of coccidian-challenged laying hens. Poultry Science, 91(7): 1590-1597.
Lerner A. and Shamir R. 2000. Nucleotides in infant nutrition: a must or an option. Israel Medical Association Journal, 2: 772-774.
Lin Y. H., Wang H. and Shiau S. Y. 2009. Dietary nucleotide supplementation enhances growth and immune responses of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15: 117-122.
Martinez-Puig D., Manzanilla E. G., Morales J., Borda E., Perez J. F., Pineiro C. and Chetrit C. 2007. Dietary nucleotide supplementation reduces occurrence of diarrhoea in early weaned pigs. Livestock Science, 180: 276-279.
Pelicia V. C., Sartori J. R., Zavarize K. C., Pezzato A. C., Stradiotti A. C., Araujo P. C.,  Mituo M. A. O. and Madeira L. A. 2010. Effect of nucleotides on broiler performance and carcass yield. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 12: 31-34.
Rutz F., Anciuti M. A, Rech J. L, Goncalves F. M, Delgado A. D, Rosa E. R, Zauk N., Ribeiro C. L. G, Silva R. R. and Dallmann P. R. 2006. Performance and carcass traits of broilers fed diets containing yeast extract. Ciencia Animal Brasileira, 7: 349-355.
Salehimanesh A., Mohammadi M. and Roostaei-Alimehr M. 2015. Effect of dietary probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic supplementation on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 100: 694-700.
Sanchez Pozo A. and Gil A. 2002. Nucleotides as semiessential nutritional components. British Journal of  Nutrition, 87: 135-137.
Shiau S. Y.,Gabaudan J. and Lin Y. H. 2015. Dietary nucleotide supplementation enhances immune responses and survival to Streptococcus iniae in hybrid tilapia fed diet containing low fish meal. Aquaculture Reports, 2: 77-81.
Teo A. Y. L. and Tan H. M. 2007. Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut microflora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT). Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 296-303.
Tipa C. 2002. Production performance of broilers fed yeast extract as a partial or total replacement for fishmeal. DVM Thesis, Univ of Phillippines at Los Banos. Laguna.
Wang Z., Cerrate S., Coto C., Sacakli P., Yan F., Costa F. G. P. and  Waldroup P. W. 2009. Evaluation of Nupro® yeast product in diets for broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8: 515-520.