Performance, blood parameters, and immune response of Japanese quails fed turmeric and chili pepper powder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former MSc Student, Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Food additives are a group of different substances that are used for different purposes in poultry diets. Antibiotics are a group of food additives that have been used for many years in the poultry industry to improve performance. Numerous studies have shown that the use of antibiotics in poultry diets, although slightly improved performance; however, long-term use of antibiotics causes bacterial resistance and endangers human health. Therefore, today, due to the limitations of the use of antibiotics, the use of natural alternatives such as medicinal plants has been considered. Medicinal plants as a natural feed additive in poultry diets have been effective in improving performance, improving the immune response, maintaining bird health, and reducing the effects of oxidative spoilage. Turmeric is one of the medicinal plants used in poultry diets. Turmeric, due to its curcumin, can improve the antioxidant and immune status of poultry. Another medicinal plant is red pepper. Red pepper has been suggested as a beneficial factor due to its active ingredients such as capsaicin, vitamins A, E, C, and B, minerals, and carotenoids. Red pepper is effective on the immune system of poultry. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding turmeric powder and red pepper in corn-based diets on the performance of growing quails.
Materials and methods: The experiment was performed for 35 days using 512 day-old Japanese quails (as hatched), in a completely randomized design with eight treatments (three levels of turmeric (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 %), three levels of red pepper powder (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 %), an antibiotic treatment (500 ppm) and a control treatment without additive with four replicates and 16 birds in each replicate. Nutritional requirements of quails were extracted from NRC. Live weight and feed intake were measured weekly. To calculate the feed conversion ratio, first, the amounts of feed intake and daily weight gain during the experimental period were determined, and then the value of the feed conversion ratio was calculated by dividing the feed intake by weight gain. At 35 days of age, two male and two female birds from each treatment were numbered and slaughtered and carcass weight, thigh weight, and chest weight were measured. Carcass yield was then calculated by dividing carcass weight to live weight. Evaluation of the immune system of quails was assessed by measuring the weight of the thymus gland and bursa of Fabricius and blood immunoglobulin in terms of antibodies produced against Newcastle virus (HI test).
Results and discussion: The results of this experiment showed that at the age of 35 days, quails receiving experimental diets had a higher live weight than the control group (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on feed intake was significant (P<0.05). Adding turmeric and red pepper throughout the experiment reduced feed intake compared with the control group. FCR was significantly affected by experimental diets during the whole experiment period (P<0.01), and quails received 0.75% turmeric powder (2.18) and quails received 1.50% turmeric powder (2.16) had a significantly lower FCR than the control treatment (2.69). Contrary to red pepper, adding turmeric powder improved the FCR of quails (P<0.01). Curcumin in turmeric has a positive effect on bile production, secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes (amylase and lipase), increases the length of intestinal villi, and increases digestion and absorption of nutrients in birds. Some studies have reported the effectiveness of red pepper on digestive enzymes, and performance has been improved in various species. Capsaicin (the main active ingredient in red pepper) has increased the activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin enzymes in the duodenum. The levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and HDL, VLDL, and total serum antioxidants (TAC) significantly affected experimental diets (P<0.05). The triglycerides of quails received 2.25% red pepper powder (152 mg/dL) was lower than the control group (261 mg/dL). The reason for lowering blood triglycerides would be the presence of capsaicin in red pepper, which reduces the activity of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, thereby reducing fat synthesis.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, feeding 1.5 % turmeric powder or 2.25% chili pepper powder is recommended to improve the performance, blood parameters, and immune response of growing quails.

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References

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Animal Production Research
Volume 11, Issue 1
June 2022
Pages 39-53

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