اسلمی نژاد ع. ا.، طهمورث پور م. و الشوکانی ع.1390. بررسی چندشکلی اگزون 20 ژن گیرنده لپتین در نژادهای گاو بومی سیستانی، گلپایگانی، نجدی و سرابی. نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)، شماره 91.
شجاعی م.، محمد آبادی م. ر.، اسدی فوزی م.، اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه ع.، فردوسی م. ح.، ترابی ا.، طیارزاده م. و میرزاخانی ح. 1389. چگونگی استفاده از روش PCR-SSCP برای بررسی چندشکلی ژن لپتین گوسفند کرمانی. مجله پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی)، 20(2).
قنبری باغنویی س.، انصاری مهیاری س.، ادریس م. ع.، دادپسند م.، سید طباطبایی ب. ا. 1391. بررسی ارتباط چندشکلی ژن گیرنده لپتین با صفات تولیدی در گاوهای هلشتاین استان اصفهان. دوازدهمین کنگره ژنتیک ایران.
Almeida S. M., Santos L. B. S., Passos D. T., Corbellini A. O., Lopes B. M. T., Kirst C. Terra, G., Neves J. P., Goncalves P. B. D., Moraes J. C. F. and Weimer T. A. 2008. Genetic polymorphism at the leptin receptor gene in three beef cattle breeds. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31: 680-685.
Banos G., Woolliams J. A., Woodward B. W., Forbes A. B. and Coffey M. P. 2008. Impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Leptin, Leptin Receptor, Growth Hormone Receptor, and Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) Gene Loci on Milk Production, Feed, and Body Energy Traits of UK Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91: 3190-3200.
Baskin D. G., Hahn T. M. and Schwartz M. W. 1999. Leptin sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 31: 345-350.
Bassam B. J., Anolles G. C. and Gresshoff P. M. 1991. Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 196: 80-83.
Benoit S., Schwartz M., Baskin D., Woods S. C. and Seeley R. J. 2000. CNS melanocortin system involvement in the regulation of food intake.
Hormones and Behaviour, 37: 299-305.
Botstein D., White R. L., Skolnik M. and Davis R. W. 1980. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism. American Journal of Human Genetics, 32: 314-331.
Chua S. C., Chung W. K., Wu-Peng X. S., Zhang Y., Liu S. M. and Leibel R. L. 1996. Phenotypes of mouse diabetes and rat fatty due to mutations in the OB (leptin) receptor. Science, 271: 994-996.
De Matteis G., Carmela Scatà M., Grandoni F., Petrera F., Abeni F., Catillo G., Napolitano F. and Moioli B. 2012. Association analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes on milk and morphological traits in Holstein cows. Journal of Animal Science, 2(3): 174-182.
De Vries A. G., Sosnicki A., Garnier J. P. and Plastow G. S. 1998. The role of major genes and DNA technology in selection for meat quality in pigs. Meat Science, 49(1): 245-255.
Delavaud C., Ferlay A., Faulconnier Y., Bocquier F., Kann G. and Chilliard Y. 2002. Plasma leptin concentration in adult cattle: Effects of breed, adiposity, feeding level, and meal intake. Journal of Animal Science, 80: 1317-1328.
Doak C. M., Wijnhoven T. M., Schokker D. F., Visscher T. L. and Seidell J. C. 2012. Age standardization in mapping adult overweight and obesity trends in the WHO European Region. Obesity Reviews, 13: 174-191.
Du X., Chen C., Yuan Z., Zhang L., Chen X., ui Wang Y., Gao X., Zhang L., Gao H., Li J. and Xu, Sh. 2013. Genetic Polymorphisms of Mc4R and IGF2 Gene Association with Feed Conversion Efficiency Traits in Beef Cattle. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, ISSN: 0253-8318.
Ernst C. W., Kapke P. A., Yerle M. and Rothschild M. F. 1997. The leptin receptor gene (LEPR) maps to porcine chromosome 6. Mammalian Genome, 8: 266-272.
Forhead A., Christopher M., Lamb J., Franko A., Kathryn L., Connor O., Deirdre M., Wooding F., Cripps B. and Roselle L. 2008. Role of leptin in the regulation of growth and carbohydrate metabolism in the ovine fetus during late gestation. Journal of Physiology,586(9): 2393-2403.
Gan Q., Zhang L., Xu S., Li H., Li J., Gao X., Ren H. and Chen J. 2008. Association of LXRA gene variants with carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7: 3546-3549.
Guo Y., Chen H., Lan X., Zhang B., Pan C., Zhang L., Zhang C. and Zhao M. 2008. Novel SNPs of the bovine LEPR gene and their association with growth traits. Biochemical Genetics, 46: 828-834.
Haegeman A., Coopman F., Jacobs K., Mattheeuws M., Van Zeveren A. and Peelman L. 2001. Bovine melanocortin receptor 4: cDNA sequence, polymorphisms and mapping. Animal Genetics, 32: 189-192.
Hardge T., Siebel K., Koepke K. and Wimmers K. 2003. Association between Leptin (LEP) / Leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms and fatness related traits in a porcine resource family, In: Proceeding of27th International Conference on Animal Genetics, C027.
Haegeman A., Coopman F., Jacobs K., Mattheeuws M., Van Zeveren A. and Peelman L. 2001. Bovine melanocortin receptor 4: cDNA sequence polymorphisms and mapping. Animal Genetics, 32: 189-192.
Haskell-Luevano C., Chen P., Li C., Chang K., Smith M. S., Cameron J. L. and Cone R. D. 1999. Characterization of the neuroanatomical distribution of agouti-related protein immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey and the rat. Endocrinology, 140: 1408-1415.
Hauseknecht K. L., Baile C. A., Matteri R. L. and Spurlock M. E. 1998. The biology of leptin: a review. Journal of Animal Science, 76: 1405-1420.
Houston R. D., Cameron N. D. and Rance K. A. 2004. A melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) polymorphism is associated with performance traits in divergently selected large white pig populations. Animal Genetics, 35: 386-390.
Huang M., Gao X., Li J. Y., Ren H. Y., Chen J. B. and Xu S. Z. 2010. Polymorphisms in MC4R gene and correlations with economic traits in cattle. Molecular Biology Reports, 37: 3941-3944.
Huszar D, Lynch C. A., Fairchild-Huntress V., Dunmore J. H., Fang Q., Berkemeier L. R., Gu W., Kesterson R. A., Boston B. A., Cone R. D., Smith F. J., Campfield L. A., Burn P. and Lee F. 1997. Targeted disruption of the melanocortin- 4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell, 88: 131-141.
International Sheep Genomics Consortium, Archibald A. L.,
Cockett N. E.,
Dalrymple B. P.,
Faraut T.,
Kijas J. W.,
Maddox J. F.,
McEwan J. C.,
Hutton Oddy V.,
Raadsma H. W.,
Wade C.,
Wang J.,
Wang W. and
Xun X. 2010. The sheep genome reference sequence: a work in progress. Animal Genetics,
41(5): 449-453.
Iranpur V. and Esmailizadeh M. A. K. 2010. Rapid extraction of high quality DNA from whole blood stored at 4ºC for long period. Online Protocol.
Iserentant H., Peelman F., Defeau D., Vandekerckhove J., Zabeau L. and Tavernier J. 2005. Mapping of the interface between leptin and the leptin receptor CRH2 domain. Journal of Cell Science, 118: 2519-2527.
Kim K. S., Larsen N., Short T., Plastow G. and Rothschild M. F. 1999. A missense variant of the porcine melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene is associated with fatness, growth, and feed intake traits. Mammalian Genome, 11: 131-135.
Komisarek J. 2010. Impact of LEP and LEPR gene polymorphisms on functional traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 28: 133-141.
Komisarek J. and Dorynek Z. 2006. The relationship between the T945M single nucleotide polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) and milk production traits in Jersey cows. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 24(4): 271-277.
Li C. Y. and Li H. 2006. Association of MC4R gene polymorphisms with growth and body composition traits in chicken. Asian-AustralasianJournal of Animal Science, 19(6): 763-768.
Liefers S. C., Veerkamp R. F., TePas M. F. W., Chilliard Y. and Van der Lende T. 2004. A missense mutation in the bovine leptin receptor gene is associated with leptin concentrations during late pregnancy. Animal Genetics, 35: 138-141.
Liefers S. C., Te Pas M. F., Veerkamp R. F. and Van der Lende T. 2002. Associations between leptin gene polymorphisms and production, live weight, energy balance, feed intake and fertility in Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(6): 1633-1638.
Liefers S. C. 2004. Physiology and genetics of leptin in periparturient dairy cows. Ph.D thesis. Wageningen University.
MacKenzie R. G. 2006. Obesity-associated mutations in the human melanocortin-4 receptor gene. Peptides, 27: 395-403.
Liu H., Tian W., Zan L., Wang H. and Cui H. 2009. Association of MC4R gene variants with carcass and meat quality traits in Qinchuan cattle. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(15): 3666-3671.
Liu H., Tian W., Zan L., Wang H. and Cui H. 2010. Mutations of MC4R gene and its association with economic traits in Qinchuan cattle. Molecular Biology Reports, 37: 535-540.
Marsh D. J., Hollopeter G., Huszar D., Laufer R., Yagaloff K. A., Fisher S. L., Burn P. and Palmiter R. D. 1999. Response of melanocortin- 4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides. Nature Genetics,21: 119-122.
Pefister-Genskow M., Hayes H., Eggen A. and Bishop M. D. 1997. The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene maps to bovine chromosome 3q33. MammalianGenome, 8(3): 227.
Mizuno T. M. and Mobbs C. V. 1999. Hypothalamic agoutirelated protein messenger ribonucleic acid is inhibited by leptin and stimulated by fasting. Endocrinology, 140: 814-817.
Rosmond R., Chagnon M., Bouchard C. and Bjorntorp P. 2001. A missense mutation in the human melanocortin-4 receptor gene in relation to abdominal obesity and salivary cortisol. Diabetologia, 44: 1335-1338.
Seeley R. J., Yagaloff K. A., Fisher S. L., Burn P., Thiele T. E., van Dijk G., Baskin D. G. and Schwartz M. W. 1997. Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects. Nature, 390: 349-353.
Seong J., Suh D. S., Park K. D., Lee H. K and Kong H. S. 2012. Identification and analysis of MC4R polymorphisms and their association with economic traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Molecular Biology Reports, 39: 3597-3601.
Silva L. F. P., Vanderhaar M. J., Weber Nielsen M. S. and Smith G. W. 2002. Evidence for a local effect of leptin in bovine mammary gland. Journal of Dairy Science, 85: 3277- 3286.
Ste Marie L., Miura G. I., Marsh D. J., Yagaloff K. and Palmiter R. D. 2000. A metabolic defect promotes obesity in mice lacking melanocortin-4 receptors. In: Proceeding of 1th National Academic Science, U S A. 97: 12339-12344.
Strader, A. D., Schiöth H. B. and Buntin J. D. 2003. The role of the melanocortin system and the melanocortin-4 receptor in ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) feeding behavior. Brain Researches, 960: 112-121.
Switonski M., Mankowska M. and Salamon S. 2013. Family of melanocortin receptor (MCR) genes in mammals mutations, polymorphisms and phenotypic effects. Animal Genetics Review, 54: 461-472.
Tao Y. X., Segaloff D. L. 2003. Functional characterization of melanocortin-4 receptor mutations associated with childhood obesity. Endocrinology, 144: 4544-4551.
Tartaglia L. A. 1997. The leptin receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry,272: 6093-6096.
Tartaglia L. A., Dembski M., Weng X., Deng N., Culpepper J. and Devos R. 1995. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor OB-R. Cell, 83: 1263-1271.
Thue T. D., Schmutz S. M. and Buchanan F. C. 2001. A SNP in the cattle MC4R gene is used to map MC4R to BTA 24. Animal Genetics, 32: 390-391.
Trakovicka A., Moravcikova N. and Miluchova M. 2011. The T945M Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Bovine Leptin Receptor Gene in Population of Slovak Spotted Bulls. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 76(3): 161-164.
Trakovicka A., Moravcikova N. and Kasarda R. 2013. Genetic polymorphisms of leptin and leptin receptor genes in relation with production and reproduction traits in cattle. 2013. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 60(4): 783-787.
Vaisse C., Halaas J. L., Horvath C. M., Darnell J. E. Jr., Stoffel M. and Friedman J. M. 1996. Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice. Nature Genetics, 14: 95-97.
Valle E., Habermann F. A., Moore S. S., Crews D. H. and Benkel B. F. 2004. Genomic localization and SNP discovery in the bovine melanocortin receptor 4 gene (MC4R). Animal Genetics, 35: 351-352.
Van Rossum C. T., Hoebee B., van Baak M. A., Mars M., Saris S. W. and Seidell J. C. 2003. Genetic variation in the leptin receptor gene, leptin, and weight gain in young Dutch adults. Obesity Research,11: 377-386.
White D. W., Kuropatwinski K. K., Devos R., Baumann H. and Tartaglia L. A. 1997. Leptin receptor (OB-R) signalling. Cytoplasmic domain mutational analysis and evidence for receptor homo-oligomerization. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272: 4065-4071.
Yeo G. S., Farooqi I. S., Aminian S., Halsall D. J., Stanhope R. G. and O'Rahilly S. 1998. A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity. Nature Genetics, 20: 111-112.
Yiannakouris N., Yannakoulia M., Melistas L., Chan J. L., Klimis-Zacas D. and Mantzoros C. S. 2001. The Q223R polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene is significantly associated with obesity and predicts a small percentage of body weight and body composition variability. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86: 4434-4439.
Zhang C. L., Wang Y. H., Chen H., Lan X. Y., Lei C. Z. and Fang X. T. 2009. Association between variants in the 5′-untranslated region of the bovine MC4R gene and two growth traits in Nanyang cattle. Molecular Biology Reports, 36: 1839-1843.
Zhang Y., Proenca R., Maffei M., Barone M., Leopoid L. and Friedman J. M. 1994. Positional cloning of mouse obese geneand its human homologue. Nature, 372: 425-432.
)