اثر بتائین بر عملکرد و ریخت‌شناسی روده کوچک جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار گروه علوم پایه دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه ارومیه

4 دانشجوی دکتری علوم آزمایشگاهی، گروه انگل‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تاثیر بتائین بر رشد، وزن و طول بخش­های مختلف روده و ریخت­شناسی روده کوچک در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام گرفت. دویست قطعه جوجه نر یک روزه سویه راس در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و پنج تکرار به ازای هر تیمار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده شد. گروه­های آزمایشی شامل جوجه­های تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف صفر، ۰۵/۰، ۱/۰ و ۲/۰ درصد بتائین بودند. جیره­های آزمایشی در دوره پایانی (42-25 روزه) و در شرایط تنش حرارتی 32 درجه سانتی­گراد (به صورت دوره­ای از 9 صبح تا 5 عصر) مورد مصرف قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بتائین اثر معنی­داری بر مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک نداشت، ولی مصرف سطوح 1/0 (001/2) و 2/0 (98/1) درصد بتائین ضریب تبدیل خوراک را به صورت عددی در مقایسه با شاهد (06/2) بهبود داد (08/0P=). عمق کریپت ایلئوم جوجه­های تغذیه شده با سطح 1/0 درصد بتائین (µm 40/72) به طور معنی­داری پایین­تر از مقدار مربوط به شاهد (60/85) بود (05/0P<). همچنین استفاده از سطوح  ۰۵/۰ (µm 165)، ۱/۰ (µm 60/181) و ۲/۰ (µm 60/170) درصد بتائین  موجب کاهش عددی ضخامت لایه عضلانی ژوژنوم در مقایسه با شاهد (µm 60/196) شد (09/0=P). در کل، در این آزمایش مصرف سطوح 1/0 و 2/0 درصد بتائین از راه کاهش عمق کریپت ایلئوم و ضخامت لایه عضلانی ژوژنوم موجب بهبود وضعیت دستگاه گوارش و در نتیجه عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of betaine on performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks under heat stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Aziz Mesgari 1
  • M. Daneshyar 2
  • Ali Mirza Aghazadeh 2
  • Gh. Najafi 3
  • F. Farganpajoh 4
1 Master Science Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Asistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 PhD. student of Laboratory Science, Parasitology Department, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to determine effects of betaine supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks subjected to heat stress condition. Two hundred day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment replicated five times with 10 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 % of betaine. The experimental diets were offered to chicks under heat stress condition (32±1ºC from 9 AM to 5 PM) during the final period of rearing (25 to 42 days of age). The results did not show any significant effect for the dietary treatments on feed intake and body weight gain, but betaine addition at the levels of 0.1 (2.001) and 0.2% (1.98) decreased feed conversion ratio compared to the control (2.06) group (P=0.08). Crypt depth of ileum was lower in chicks fed diet with 0.1% betaine (72.40 µm) than the control (85.60 µm) (P<0.05). Furthermore, consumption of 0.05 (165 µm), 0.1 (181.60 µm) and 0.2% (170.60 µm) betaine decreased the muscle layer thickness of jejunum numerically as compared to control (196.60 µm) (P=0.09). In conclusion, dietary betaine inclusion at the levels of 0.1 and 0.2% improved the gut status and performance of broilers under heat stress by reduction in the ileum crypt depth and jejunum muscle layer thickness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Betaine
  • Heat Stress
  • Crypt depth
  • Muscle layer thickness

مراجع

 
Altan O., Pabuccuoglu S. and Bayraktar H. 2003. Effect of heat stress in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. British Poultry Science, 44: 545-550.
Attia Y., Hassan R. A., Shehata M. H. and Abd-El-Hady S. B. 2005. Growth, carcass quality and serum constituents of slow growing chicks as affected by betaine addition to diets containing 2. Different levels of methionine. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4: 856-865.   
Burkholder K. M., Thompson K. L., Einstein M. E., Applegate T. J. and Patterson J. A. 2008. Influence of stressors on normal intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis colonization in broilers. Poultry Science, 87: 1734–1741.
Cera K. R., Mahan D. C. and Cross R. P. 1988. Effect of age, weaning and post weaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. Journal of Animal Science, 66: 665-674.
Cosen-Binker L. I., Binker M. G., Negri G. and Tiscornia O. 2004. Influence of stress in acute pancreatitis and correlation with stress-induced gastric ulcer. Pancreatology, 4: 470–484
 
Fernandwz-Figates I., Conde-Aguilera J. A., Nieto R., Lachica M. and Aguilera J. F. 2008. Synergistic effects of betaine and conjugated Linoleic acid on growth and carcass composition of growing Ibeian pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 86: 102-111.   
Jahanian R. and Rahmani H. R. 2008. The effect of dietary fat level on the response of Broiler chicks to Betaine and choline supplement. Journal of Biological Science, 8: 362-367.
Hassan R. A., Attia Y. A. and El-Ganzory E. H. 2005. Growth, carcass quality and serum constituents of slow growing chicks as affected by betaine addition to diets containing I. Different levels of choline. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4: 840-850.
Honarbakhsh S. S., Zaghari M. and Shivazad M. 2007. Can exogenous betaine be effective osmolyte in broiler chicks under water salinity stress? Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20:1729-1737.
 
Kettunen H., Tiihonena K., Peuranena S., Saarinena M. T. and Remusb I. C. 2001. Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia infected broiler chicks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 130: 759-769.
 
Konca Y. and Kirkpinar F. 2008. Effect of betaine on performance, carcass, bone and blood characteristics of broilers during natural summer temperatures. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7: 930-937.
Klasing K. C., Adler K. L., Remus J. C., Calvert C. C. 2002. Dietary betaine increases intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum of coccidian- infected chicks and increases functional properties of phagocytes. Journal of Nutrition, 132: 2274-2282.
Kidd M. T., Ferket P. R. and Garlich J. D. 1997. Nutritional and osmo-regulatory functions of betaine. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 53: 125-139.
 
Mitchell M. A. and Carlisle A. J. 1992. The effects of chronic exposure to elevated environmental temperature on intestinal morphology and nutrient absorption in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 101 A: 137–142.
Mongin P. 1976. Ionic constituents and osmolality of the small intestinal fluids of the laying hen. British Poultry Science, 17: 383-392.
Mahmoudnia N. and Madani Y. 2012. Effect of betaine on performance and carcass composition of broiler chicken in warm weather. International Journal of Agriculture, 2: 675-683.  
Puchala R., Zabielski R., Lesniewska P., Gralak V., Kiela P. and Barej W. 1998. Influence of duodenal infusion of betaine or choline on blood metabolites and duodenal electrical activity in Friesian calves. Journal of Agriculture Science, 131: 321- 327.
Ratriyano R., Mosenthin R., Bauer E. and Eklund M. 2009. Metabolic osmoregulatory and nutritional functions of betaine in monogastric animals. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 22: 1461-1476.
Sakomura N., Barbosa N., Longo F., Silva E., Bonato M. and Fernandes J. 2013. Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the performance, carcass yield, and intestinal morphometrics of broilers submitted to heat Stress. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 15: 105-112.
Schutte J. B., Jong J., Smink W. and Pack M. 1997. Replacement value of betaine for DL- methionine in male broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 76: 321-325.
Sun H., Yang R., Yang Z. B., Wang Y., Jiang S. Z. and Zhang G. G. 2008. Effects of betaine supplementation to methionine deficient diet on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science, 3: 78-84.
 
Tarachai P. and Yamauchi K. 2000. Effects of luminal nutrient absorption, intraluminal physical stimulation and ileus morphology following feed withdrawal in chickens.  Poultry Science, 79: 1578-1585.
Tucker L. A. and Remus J. 2001. The effect of betaine on performance, water balance and gut integrity of coccidiosis-infected poultry and its potential benefit in AGP-free diets. British Poultry Science, 42: 108-109.
Ueland P. M., Holm P. and Hustad S. 2005. Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Medicine, 43: 1069–1075.
Zhan X. A., Li X. J. and Zhao Q. 2006. Effects of methionine and betaine supplement on growth performance, carcass composition and metabolism of lipids in male broiler. British Poultry Science, 47: 576-580.
Yusuf K., Figen K., Selim M. and Erdal Y. 2008. Effects of betaine on performance, carcass bone and blood characteristics of broiler during natural summer Temperatures. Journal of Animal and Veterinary, 7: 930-937.
تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 6، شماره 2
شهریور 1396
صفحه 75-85

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار