اثر اسانس های نعناع و اکالیپتوس بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی در شرایط تنش گرمایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد پرورش و مدیریت تولید طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار، گروه ایمنی شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به‌ منظور بررسی اثر اسانس نعناع و اکالیپتوس بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی در شرایط تنش گرمایی، آزمایشی با استفاده از 250 قطعه جوجه نر یک‌روزه سویه راس 308 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار و پنج تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار به مدت 42 روز انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) تیمار شاهد منفی (تیمار در شرایط دمایی طبیعی)، 2) تیمار شاهد مثبت (در شرایط تنش گرمایی)، 3) تیمار شاهد مثبت + 05/0 میلی‌لیتر اسانس نعناع در هر لیتر آب آشامیدنی، 4) تیمار شاهد مثبت + 05/0 میلی‌لیتر اسانس اکالیپتوس در هر لیتر آب آشامیدنی و 5) تیمار شاهد مثبت + 05/0 میلی‌لیتر اسانس نعناع + 05/0 میلی‌لیتر اسانس اکالیپتوس در هر لیتر آب آشامیدنی بودند. تنش گرمایی در دوره پایانی (روز 26-42 دوره آزمایشی) و در دمای 1± 32 سلسیوس به ‌صورت دوره‌ای (از ساعت نه صبح تا پنج بعدازظهر) اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره پایانی و کل دوره آزمایشی، تنش گرمایی موجب کاهش مصرف خوراک شد (05/0>P). تنش گرمایی سبب افزایش وزن نسبی روده، کاهش وزن نسبی ران و کاهش میزان تکثیر و زنده­مانی لنفوسیت­ها شد (05/0>P) و شدت انفجار تنفسی سلول‌های فاگوسیتیک خون محیطی را کاهش داد (01/0P<). استفاده از اسانس اکالیپتوس و مخلوط دو اسانس گیاهی سبب بهبود میزان تکثیر لنفوسیت­ها شده و کاهش ناشی از تنش گرمایی را جبران کرد (05/0>P). استفاده ترکیبی از اسانس نعناع و اکالیپتوس سبب بهبود شدت انفجار تنفسی ماکروفاژها نسبت به تیمار شاهد منفی و مثبت شد (01/0P<). در مجموع، استفاده از اسانس­های گیاهی نعناع و اکالیپتوس موجب بهبود عملکرد سیستم ایمنی شد، ولی تاثیری بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of spearmint and eucalyptus essential oils on performance, carcass characteristics and immune system of broiler chickens under thermal stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Asgharian 1
  • R. Najafi Gharajeh 2
  • M. Abtahi Froushani 3
1 MSc. Graduated, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of spearmint and eucalyptus essential oils on growth performance, carcass traits and immune system performance of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. Two hundred and fifty one day-old broilers (Ross- 308) were randomly divided into five treatments in five replicates with 10 birds per replicate from 1 to 42 days of age, in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1. Negative control (under normal temperature conditions), 2. Positive control (under heat stress conditions), 3. Positive control+0.5 mL spearmint essential oil per liter of drinking water, 4. Positive control+0.5 mL eucalyptus essential oil per liter of drinking water, and 5. Positive control+0.5 mL spearmint essential oil+0.5 mL eucalyptus essential oil per liter of drinking water. Heat stress was applied in the grower period (26-42) at 32 ± 1 °C (9 am to 5 pm). The results showed that in the grower period and the entire trial period, heat stress reduced feed intake (P<0.05). Thermal stress increased the relative weight gain of the entire intestine and decreased the relative weight loss of the thighs (P<0.05), also reduced the lymphocyte proliferation and survival (P<0.05), and decreased the intensity of peripheral blood phagocytic respiration (P<0.01). However, the use of eucalyptus essential oil and a mixture of two essential oils (eucalyptus+ spearmint) improved the lymphocyte propagation and compensated for the reduction of heat stress (P<0.05). In addition, the combined use of spearmint and eucalyptus essential oil improved the intensity of respiratory explosion in macrophages compared with negative and positive control treatments (P<0.01). In general, the use of essential oils improved immune function but did not affect the performance of broiler chicks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spearmint essential oil
  • Eucalyptus essential oil
  • Heat stress
  • Broiler chick
  • Immune system

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 9، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 17-30

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