پیامدهای واردات مواد ژنتیکی با در ‌‌نظر گرفتن اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ و محیط و فاصله جایگزینی در گاو شیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

4 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

هدف این مطالعه، بررسی نقش اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ و محیط (G×E) و فاصله نسل در پیشرفت‌ ژنتیکی حاصل از واردات مواد ژنتیکی گاو شیری در یک کشور فاقد برنامه اصلاح‌ نژادی پیشرفته بود. به منظور شبیه‌سازی G×E از تغییر آثار جانشینی آلل‌ها استفاده ‌شد. سه سطح 100 (شاهد)، 75 و 50 درصد هم‌پوشانی آثار جایگاه­های کنترل­کننده صفات کمّی (QTL‌) در نرهای وارداتی در سطوح وراثت‌پذیری 1/0، 3/0 و 5/0 و سه سناریوی جایگزینی پیوسته، جایگزینی با فاصله یک نسل و با فاصله دو نسل مواد ژنتیکی خارجی در نظر گرفته شد. علاوه بر آن، اثر کاهش صحت پیش‌بینی ژنومی در صفات با وراثت‌پذیری پایین مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. عملکرد دختران گاوهای نر در جمعیت محلی در سناریوی شاهد نشان داد که راهبردهای مبتنی بر واردات بر راهبردهای جمعیت محلی برتری دارد. همبستگی ژنتیکی ایجاد ‌شده برای هم‌پوشانی 75 و 50 درصدی آثار QTLها به ترتیب 7/0 و 5/0 بود. با کاهش همبستگی ژنتیکی اگر چه در طول زمان روند پاسخ ژنتیکی افزایش یافت، اما به اندازه جمعیت مبدا نبود. بیشترین میزان پیشرفت ژنتیکی (56/2) برای وراثت‌پذیری 5/0 در جایگزینی پیوسته و عدم وجود G×E مشاهده شد. کاهش صحت پیش‌بینی، G×E را تشدید کرد. به طور کلی فقط با واردات مواد ژنتیکی از جمعیت‌ مبدا با میانگین ژنتیکی بالاتر و همچنین در نظر گرفتن G×E در صفات مختلف، می‌توان میزان بیشتری از انتقال پیشرفت ‌ژنتیکی به جمعیت محلی را به­دست آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Consequences of importing genetic materials considering genotype by environment interaction and replacement interval in dairy cattle

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Haghdoost 1
  • M. M. Shariati 2
  • A. A. Shadparvar 3
  • N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh 3
  • S. Zerehdaran 4
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study was aimed to assess the role of genotype× environment interaction (G×E) and generation interval on the genetic gain caused by importing the genetic materials of dairy cattle in a country without advanced breeding program. Changing allele substitution effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying the trait was used to simulate G×E. To this end, three levels of 100 (control), 75 and 50% overlapping of QTL effects in imported sires at the heritability levels of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5, as well as three scenarios of continuous replacing and discontinuous replacing with one and two generations of foreign genetic materials were considered. Moreover, the effect of decreasing the accuracy of genomic prediction in traits with the low level of heritability was investigated. Based on the performance of daughters of sires in the local population of control scenario, import-based strategies were better than on the strategies of local population. The genetic correlation created in 75% and 50% overlapping of QTL effects were as 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. Although the trend of genetic response increased by decreasing genetic correlation over the time, it was not equal to origin population. Maximum genetic gain (2.56) was observed with a heritability of 0.5 in continuous replacing and absence of G×E. A decrease in the accuracy of prediction resulted in exacerbation of G×E. In general, more genetic improvement is transmitted from origin population to local population only by importing the genetic materials related to populations with higher genetic mean and also by considering G×E in different traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genotype by environment interaction
  • Genomic selection
  • Genetic gain
  • Generation interval
  • Dairy cattle

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 9، شماره 1
خرداد 1399
صفحه 1-12

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