عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های‌خونی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های بلدرچین ژاپنی تغذیه شده با پودر زردچوبه و فلفل قرمز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن پودر زردچوبه و فلفل قرمز در جیره‌های بر پایه ذرت بر عملکرد بلدرچین در دوره‌ رشد اجرا شد. مدت آزمایش برابر با 35 روز بود و با استفاده از 512 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی یک روزه (مخلوط دو جنس)، در طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تیمار (سه سطح زردچوبه (75/0، 5/1 و 25/2 درصد)، سه سطح فلفل قرمز (75/0، 5/1 و 25/2 درصد)، یک تیمار حاوی آنتی بیوتیک (500 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و یک تیمار شاهد بدون افزودنی با چهار تکرار و 16 پرنده در هر تکرار انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که در سن 35 روزگی، بلدرچین‌های دریافت­کننده تیمارهای آزمایشی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد، وزن زنده بالاتری داشتند (05/0P<). افزودن زردچوبه و فلفل قرمز در کل دوره آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه شاهد باعث کاهش مصرف خوراک شد (05/0P<). ضریب تبدیل خوراک در کل دوره در گروه­های دریافت­کننده 75/0 درصد زردچوبه (18/2) و گروه دریافت­کننده 5/1 درصد زردچوبه (16/2) کمتر از گروه شاهد (69/2) بود. ضریب تبدیل خوراک با مصرف پودر زردچوبه در مقابل مصرف فلفل قرمز بهبود یافت (01/0>P). میزان تری‌گلیسرید، کلسترول، LDL، HDL، VLDL و آنتی اکسیدان کل سرم خون به­طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایش قرار گرفتند (05/0>P). میزان تری‌گلیسرید خون گروه دریافت­کننده 25/2 درصد زردچوبه (153 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر) و گروه دریافت­کننده 25/2 درصد فلفل قرمز (152 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر) کمتر از گروه شاهد (261 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر) بود. بر پایه نتایج پژوهش حاضر، مصرف پودر زردچوبه به میزان 5/1 درصد و مصرف پودر فلفل قرمز به میزان 25/2 درصد در جیره جهت بهبود عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خونی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های بلدرچین توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Performance, blood parameters, and immune response of Japanese quails fed turmeric and chili pepper powder

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Parvari 1
  • S. R. Ebrahimi-Mahmoudabad 2
  • R. Kianfar 3
1 Former MSc Student, Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Food additives are a group of different substances that are used for different purposes in poultry diets. Antibiotics are a group of food additives that have been used for many years in the poultry industry to improve performance. Numerous studies have shown that the use of antibiotics in poultry diets, although slightly improved performance; however, long-term use of antibiotics causes bacterial resistance and endangers human health. Therefore, today, due to the limitations of the use of antibiotics, the use of natural alternatives such as medicinal plants has been considered. Medicinal plants as a natural feed additive in poultry diets have been effective in improving performance, improving the immune response, maintaining bird health, and reducing the effects of oxidative spoilage. Turmeric is one of the medicinal plants used in poultry diets. Turmeric, due to its curcumin, can improve the antioxidant and immune status of poultry. Another medicinal plant is red pepper. Red pepper has been suggested as a beneficial factor due to its active ingredients such as capsaicin, vitamins A, E, C, and B, minerals, and carotenoids. Red pepper is effective on the immune system of poultry. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding turmeric powder and red pepper in corn-based diets on the performance of growing quails.
Materials and methods: The experiment was performed for 35 days using 512 day-old Japanese quails (as hatched), in a completely randomized design with eight treatments (three levels of turmeric (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 %), three levels of red pepper powder (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 %), an antibiotic treatment (500 ppm) and a control treatment without additive with four replicates and 16 birds in each replicate. Nutritional requirements of quails were extracted from NRC. Live weight and feed intake were measured weekly. To calculate the feed conversion ratio, first, the amounts of feed intake and daily weight gain during the experimental period were determined, and then the value of the feed conversion ratio was calculated by dividing the feed intake by weight gain. At 35 days of age, two male and two female birds from each treatment were numbered and slaughtered and carcass weight, thigh weight, and chest weight were measured. Carcass yield was then calculated by dividing carcass weight to live weight. Evaluation of the immune system of quails was assessed by measuring the weight of the thymus gland and bursa of Fabricius and blood immunoglobulin in terms of antibodies produced against Newcastle virus (HI test).
Results and discussion: The results of this experiment showed that at the age of 35 days, quails receiving experimental diets had a higher live weight than the control group (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on feed intake was significant (P<0.05). Adding turmeric and red pepper throughout the experiment reduced feed intake compared with the control group. FCR was significantly affected by experimental diets during the whole experiment period (P<0.01), and quails received 0.75% turmeric powder (2.18) and quails received 1.50% turmeric powder (2.16) had a significantly lower FCR than the control treatment (2.69). Contrary to red pepper, adding turmeric powder improved the FCR of quails (P<0.01). Curcumin in turmeric has a positive effect on bile production, secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes (amylase and lipase), increases the length of intestinal villi, and increases digestion and absorption of nutrients in birds. Some studies have reported the effectiveness of red pepper on digestive enzymes, and performance has been improved in various species. Capsaicin (the main active ingredient in red pepper) has increased the activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin enzymes in the duodenum. The levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and HDL, VLDL, and total serum antioxidants (TAC) significantly affected experimental diets (P<0.05). The triglycerides of quails received 2.25% red pepper powder (152 mg/dL) was lower than the control group (261 mg/dL). The reason for lowering blood triglycerides would be the presence of capsaicin in red pepper, which reduces the activity of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, thereby reducing fat synthesis.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, feeding 1.5 % turmeric powder or 2.25% chili pepper powder is recommended to improve the performance, blood parameters, and immune response of growing quails.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Quail
  • Turmeric
  • Performance
  • Blood parameters
  • Chili pepper

مراجع

Aghayarifar B., Ilia N. and Nemati M. H. 2015. The effect of black pepper powder, garlic and turmeric on the performance and titer of antibodies against Newcastle virus in Cobb broilers (male). Livestock Production Research, 11: 28-34. (In Persian).
Akbarian A., Golian A., Kermanshahi H., Gilani A. and Moradi S. 2012. Influence of turmeric rhizome and black pepper on blood constituents and performance of broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(34): 8606-8611.
Akbarian A., Golian A., Sheikh Ahmadi A. and Moravej H. 2011. Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) on egg yolk cholesterol, antioxidant status and performance of laying hens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 39(1): 19-21.
Al-Harthi M. A. 2002. Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks as affected by different dietary types and levels of herbs, and spices as non classical growth promoters. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 22(1): 325-343.
Ali W. A. H., Ahmed A. M. H. and El-Gabry H. E. 2016. Effects of capsaicin supplementation on productive and physiological performance of Pekin ducks during summer season. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 19(3): 549-561.
Al-Kassie G. A., Butris G. Y. and Ajeena S. J. 2012. The potency of feed supplemented mixture of hot red pepper and black pepper on the performance and some hematological blood traits in broiler diet. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Science, 2: 53-57.
Al-Sultan S. I. and Gammel A. A. 2004. Histopathological changes in the livers of broiler chicken supplemented with turmeric (Curcuma longa). International Journal of Poultry Science, 3: 333-336.
Applegate T. J., Dibner J. J., Kitchell M. L., Uni Z. and Liibrun M. S. 1999. Effect of turkey (Meleagridis gallopavo) breeder hen age and egg size on poult development. 2. Intestinal villus growth, enterocyte migration and proliferation of the turkey poultry. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 124: 381-389.
Arbabian H., Tahmasebi A., Vakili R. and Zakizadeh S. 2011. The effect of red pepper powder and fat on performance and blood parameters of broilers. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 3(4): 393-405. (In Persian).
Asghari G., Mostajeran A. and Shebli M. 2010. Curcuminoid and essential oil components of turmeric at different stages of growth cultivated in Iran. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4: 51-61.
Babu P. and Srinivasan K. 1997. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin the activity principle of turmeric in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Molecular Cell Biochemistry, 166(1-2): 169-175.
Baghban Canaane P., danesyar M. and Najafi R. 2016. The effect of cinnamon and turmeric powder supplementation on yield, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers under heat stress. Animal Science Research (Agricultural Science), 26(1): 63-75. (In Persian).
Chainani W. N. 2003. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin component of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 9: 161-168
Chattopadhay I., Biswas K., Bandyopadyay U. and Bannerjee R. K. 2004. Tumeric and curcumin: biological actions and medical applications. Current Sciences, 87: 44-53.
Choudhury D., Mahanta J., Sapcota D., Saikia B. and Islam R. 2018. Effect of dietary supplementation of tumeric (Curcuma longa) powder on performance of commercial broiler chicken. International Journal of Livestock Research, 8(7): 182-191.
Duke J. 2004 National genetic resources program. Phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases. [online database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Durrani F. R., Ismail M., Sultan A., Suhil S. M., Chand N. and Durrani Z. 2006. Effect of different levels in feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 1: 9-11.
Emadi M. and Kermanshahi H. 2006. Effect of turmeric rhizome powder on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. International Poultry Science, 5: 1069-1072.
Filik G., Filik A. G. and Altop A. 2020. The effect of dietary hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) waste powder supplementation on egg production traits of Japanese quail layers. Ciencia Rural, 50(9): 1-8.
Gautam S., Gao X. and Dulchavsky S. 2007. Immunomodulation by curcumin. Advance in Eperimental Medicine and Biology, 595: 321-341.
Hariss R. J. C. 1964. Thechniques in experimental virology tested. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Jaggi L. 2012. Tumeric, curcumin and our life, A review. Bulletin of Enviromental, Pharmacology and Life Science, 7: 11-17.
Jeong I. J., Dong K. H., Choi J. W. and Yu J. W. 2010. Proteomic analysis for antiobesity potential of capsaicin on white adipose tissue in rats fed with ahigh fat diet. Journal of Oroteome Research, 9(6): 2977-2987.
Kafi A., Uddin M. N., Uddin J., Khan M. and Haque M. E. 2017. Effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and their combination as feed additives on feed intake, growth performance and economics of broiler. Internatinal Journal of Poultry Science, 16: 257-265.
Karimi O., Mofidi M. R. and Saeidabadi M. S. 2020. Impact of tumeric (Curcuma longa) on the body weight and liver function of Japanese quails exposed to dietary aflatoxins. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 14(2): 115-122.
Kawada T., Hagihara K. H. and Iwai K. 1986. Effect of capsaicin on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Journal of Nutrition, 116: 1272-1278.
Kian Far R., Nari M., Mir Qolanj S. A. and Jan Mohammadi H. 2016. Effects of different levels of turmeric powder in wheat-based diet on yield and biochemistry of laying hen blood serum. Proceedings of the 7th Iranian Congress of Animal Sciences. (In Persian).
Lokaewmanee K., Yamauchi K., Tsutomu K. and Keiko S. 2010. Effects on egg yolk colour of paprika or paprika combined with marigold flower extracts. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9(e67): 356-359.
Moeini M. M., Ghazi S. H., Sadeghi S. and Malekizadeh M. 2013. The effect of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and marigold flower (Tageteserectus) powder on egg production, egg yolk color and some blood metabolites of laying hens. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 3(2): 301-305.
Mohammadpour F., Darmani Koohi H. and the Mohiti Asli M. 2015. Investigation of the effects of dietary supplement of Shirazi thyme extract and the periods of its use on yield, carcass characteristics and microbial population of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Animal Production Research, 4(3): 35-46. (In Persian).
Morshed R. 2013. Evaluation of resistance patterns in Salmonella isolates isolated from broiler flocks in Amol city of Iran. Veterinary Journal (Pajuhesh and Sazandegi), 101: 31-39. (In Persian).
Mountzouris K. C. Paraskevas V. and Fege K. 2007. Phytogenic compounds in broiler nutrition. In: T. Stiener (Ed), Phytogenic in Animal Nutrition. Nottingham University Press. Notingham, UK. Pp. 97-111.
Naglaa K. S. and Alafifi S. F. 2020. The productive performance, intestinal bacteria and histomorphology of broiler chicks fed diets containing hot red pepper. Egyptain Poultry Science Journal, 40(1): 345-357.
Nari M., Kian Far R., Mir Qalanj S. and Aliaei M. 1396. Effects of different levels of turmeric in wheat-based diet on cholesterol and oxidation index of serum and laying hen eggs. The 4th National Seminar on Livestock, Poultry and Aquaculture Management and the 2nd Fluffy Goat Festival. (In Persian).
Ndelekwute E. K., Afolabi K. D., Uzegbu H. O., Unah U. L. and Amaefule K. U. 2015. Effect of dietary black pepper (piper nigrum) on thethe performance of broiler. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 44(2): 120-127.
Nishiyama T., Mae T., Kishida H., Tsukagawa M., Mimaki Y., Kuroda M., Sashida Y., Takahashi K., Kawada T., Nakagawa K. and Kitahara M. 2005. Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-A y Mice. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53: 959-963.
NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
Panae M. and Shayegan H. 2016. Determination of antibiotic resistance of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal isolates in three time periods (2000, 2001 and 2007) from poultry samples sent to Razi Institute. Journal of Veterinary Medicine (Pajuhesh and Sazandegi), 113: 17-24. (In Persian).
Platel K. and Srinivasan K. 2000. Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats. Nuhrung, 44: 42-46.
Platel K. and Srinivasan K. 2003. Digestive stimulant action of spices: A myth or reality. Indian Journal of Medicine Research, 119(5):167-179.
Rezae M., Zarei A., Afshar M. and Rahimi A. 2019. The effect of different levels of natural pigments of parsley and red pepper in the diet on egg yield and quality traits in laying hens. Journal of Animal Sciences (Pajuhesh and Sazandegi), 123: 233-246. (In Persian).
Rowghani M. and Baluchnejadmojarad T. 2012. Antinociceptive effect of curcumin, an effective constituent of turmeric, in diabetic rats and evaluation of the involvement of lipid peroxidation. Modarens Journal of Medical Sciences and Pathobiology, 15(1): 23-32
Santosh K., Sandur H. I., Manojk P., Ajaikumar B. K., Bokyung S., Gautam S. and Aggarwal B. 2007. Role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the antiinflammatoryand apoptotic effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane). Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 43(4): 568-580.
SAS Institute. 2002. SAS. User’s Guide: statistics. Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Shamsaii Mehrjan M., Hosseini Shokrabi S. P., Mahjoub Zardast M. and Mohammadi N. 2020. Effect of Capsicum annuum powder supplement on growth indices, survival rate, blood parameters and some immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Journal of Fisheries, 29(1): 131-140. (In Persian).
Shariati A., Pordeli H. R., Khademian A. and Aydani M. 2010. Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Capsicum spp. Extracts on the Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Plant Sciences Research, 5(1): 76-83.
Srinivasan K. and Sambaiah K. 1991. The effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 61: 364-369
Suresh D. and Srinivasan K. 2006. Influence of curcumin, capsaicin, and piperine on the rat liver drug-metabolizing enzyme in vivo and in vitro. Candian Journal of Physiological and Pharmacology, 84: 1259-1265.
Valizadeh R., Kianfar R., Mirqolang S. A. and Oliai M. 2018. The interaction effect of ginger powder and red pepper in wheat-based diet on functional traits and immune response of laying hens in the post-hatching period. Animal Production Research, 7(1): 81-92. (In Persian).
Wuthi-udomler M., Grisanapan WLuanratana O. and Caichompoo W. 2000. Anti-fungal activities of plant extracts. The South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 31(Suppl. 1): 178-182.
Yaghobfar A., Hosseini-Vashan S. J., Golian A., Nassiri M. R. and Raji R. 2011. Evaluation of tumeric powder in diets based soybean oil on performance, energy and protein efficiency ratio and immune system of broiler chicks. Researchies of the First International Conference (Babylon and Razi Uiversities). Pp. 6-8.
Yu R., Park J. W., Kurata T. and Erickson K. L. 1998. Modulation of select immune responses by dietary capsaicin. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 68(2): 9-114.
Zargari E. 1989. Medicinal Plants. University of Tehran Press.
تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 11، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 39-53

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار