بهبود وضعیت آنتی اکسیدانی، پاسخ های التهابی، فراسنجه های خونی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد با مکمل سازی سیاه دانه (Nigella sativa) در جوجه های گوشتی در شرایط تنش اکسیداتیو فیزیولوژیک القایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیوشیمی، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه به­منظور بررسی آثار پودر سیاه­دانه بر عملکرد رشد و توان آنتی­اکسیدانی، پاسخ­های التهابی، تغییرات بیوشیمیایی، هماتولوژی در جوجه­های گوشتی در شرایط تنش اکسیداتیو القایی با پراکسید هیدروژن انجام شد. تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 در یک طرح کاملاٌ تصادفی به چهار تیمار، هر تیمار در پنج تکرار دارای 10 جوجه یک­روزه اختصاص داده شد. چهار تیمار آزمایشی شامل: 1- تیمار شاهد (تغذیه شده با جیره پایه) و تیمارهای 2، 3 و 4- به­ترتیب دریافت­کننده جیره پایه به­علاوه سطوح 5/0، 1 و 5/1 درصد پودر سیاه­دانه بودند. برای القای تنش اکسیداتیو، همه پرندگان از روز 14 تا روز 42 آزمایش، آب آّشامیدنی حاوی یک درصد  H2O2دریافت کردند. نتایج نشان داد مکمل­سازی سیاه­دانه در جوجه­های زیر شرایط تنش اکسیداتیو القایی، به­طور معنی­داری باعث بهبود عملکرد رشد، افزایش فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی اکسیدانی و کاهش MDA در سرم، بافت کبد و طحال شد ( 05/0(P<. علاوه بر این، مکمل­سازی سیاه­دانه به­طور معنی­داری سبب کاهش سطح سرمی سیتوکین­های التهابیIL-6  و TNF-α و افزایش سیتوکین ضد التهابی IL-10  (05/0(P< شد. همچنین، مکمل­سازی سیاه­دانه بدون تاثیر بر تعداد گلبول قرمز، درصد هماتوکریت و مقدار هموگلوبین، سبب افزایش شمار گلبول سفید، درصد لنفوسیت و کاهش درصد هتروفیل خون شد (05/0(P<. سطح سرمی تری­گلیسیرید، کلسترول و آنزیم­های ALT،AST  و ALP نیز به­طور معنی­داری تحت تاثیر سیاه­دانه کاهش یافت ( 05/0(P<. به­طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد استفاده از سیاه­دانه می­تواند از راه بهبود توان آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ­های التهابی، سبب بهبود عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improvement of antioxidant status, inflammatory responses, hematological and biochemical parameters, and performance by black seed (Nigella sativa) supplementation in broiler chickens under induced physiological oxidative stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Fathi 1
  • Sh. Saidian 2
  • S. Moradi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 MSc in Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Oxidative stress is inevitable in broiler chicken production, and it affects the physiological, behavioral, and biochemical status of growing chicken which ultimately deteriorates meat quality. The imbalance among free radicals and antioxidant enzymes within living cells or tissues leads to the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and is a fundamental cause of oxidative stress. When the antioxidant mechanism within living cells weakens, the production of free radicals increases under physiological oxygen metabolism, and reactive species (i.e., reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) are needed in cells in small quantities because they function as signaling molecules during homeostasis. However, excessive production of these species leads to oxidative stress. There is a mechanism in living cells to reduce the number of oxidative species through physiological scavenging. Numerous reactive oxygen species such assuperoxide and hydrogen peroxide are produced during oxygen metabolism. In addition, some reports showed that after the occurrence of oxidative stress, there are severe inflammatory reactions in the cells involved, which can lead to greater tissue damage and activate tissue apoptosis. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the emergence of a number of chronic disorders such as diabetes and cancer by inducing inflammation. To protect against free radicals, living organisms have a combined antioxidant defense system including enzymatic system (such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes in the cytosol and cell membrane structure) and a non-enzymatic system (such as glutathione, polyphenol, carotenoids, special dipeptides, proteins containing thiol group, polyamines, ubiquinol, flavonoids, bilirubin, uric acid, vitamin E with selenium, and vitamin C) in tissues. Black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) have been used as alternative medicine for more than 2000 years due to their multisystemic positive effects. Many active components of black cumin have been identified, including dithymoquinone, thymoquinone, nigellone, thymohydroquinone, nigilline, melanthin, nigelamine, damascenone, pinene, and p-cymene. Black cumin contains minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, cobalt, zinc, and manganese, and vitamins A, B, C, D, and E. Moreover, black cumin is rich in essential oils, proteins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The black cumin has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, hypocholesteremia, appetite stimulant, antidiarrheal, diuretic, antiulcer, spasmolytic and bronchodilatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and renal protective activities and has antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of black cumin on growth performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory responses, and biochemical and hematological changes in broilers under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide.
Materials and methods: A total of 200 one-day-old chickens (Ross 308) were reared in the form of a completely
randomized design with four treatments and five replications (10 chickens per replicate). Experimental treatments included: 1. Control group (fed with basic diet), and groups 2, 3, and 4 had levels of 50, 100, and 150 g of black seed per kg of diet. To induce oxidative stress, all birds received 1% hydrogen peroxide per liter of drinking water from 14 to 42 days of age. At 42 d, two birds were randomly selected from each cage and after blood sampling from the wing vein, were killed and dissected for liver and spleen tissue sampling. Growth performance, blood and biochemical parameters such as the number of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, heterophil and lymphocyte, serum triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as serum antioxidant parameters including the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, were determined. In addition, liver enzymes present in the serum including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Also, to evaluate the effect of black cumin on the inflammatory response of broiler chickens under induced oxidative stress, serum interleukins including IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured.
Results and discussion: The results showed that black seed supplementation in chickens under induced oxidative stress significantly improved the growth performance, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased MDA in serum, liver tissue, and spleen (P<0.05). Black seed supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-α, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine of IL-10 (P<0.05). Also, black seed supplementation did not affect red blood cells, hematocrit, or hemoglobin, but increased white blood cells, lymphocytes, and decreased blood heterophils (P<0.05). Serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, ALT, AST, and ALP also decreased significantly under the influence of black seed.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this experiment, it appears that black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed supplement can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • Inflammatory responses
  • Broilers
  • Blood parameters
  • Black seed

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 13، شماره 3
آذر 1403
صفحه 33-46

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