نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 استاد گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 گروه حشره شناسی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
4 گروه تغذیه دام و طیور- دانشکده علوم دامی- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
5 دکتری دامپزشکی، شرکت کاوشگر سپهر جوان
6 مهندسی عمران، شرکت کاوشگر سپهر جوان
چکیده
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Supplemental nutrition is valuable to overcome periods of resource scarcity and support colony development, bee growth, rearing, grazing behavior and resistance to diseases under stressful conditions. It is necessary to provide protein food to stimulate colony strength in maximizing honey production and plant pollination. If young worker bees do not consume the required protein, their mammary (hypopharyngeal) glands will not develop ultimately. So, the royal jelly does not support the normal growth and development of worker larvae or egg production in the adult queen.
Materials and methods: This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the use of a honey bee enhancer supplement called Prody 400 on the weight of different body parts, the growth of hypopharyngeal glands and the carcass composition of nurse bees with three treatments and four repetitions in laboratory cages. The experiment was done from the middle of September to the beginning of October 2022. The experimental treatments included 1) the group without the use of supplements (control treatment), 2) the treatment using the supplement in diluted sucrose syrup, and 3) the treatment using the supplement in sweet paste. Kaushgar Sepehr Javan Company prepared Prody 400 enhancer supplement. Carcass composition data were analyzed in the form of a randomized complete block design using SAS software based on the GLM procedure and data related to head weight, breast weight, belly weight, and hypopharyngeal gland growth in the form of a repeated measure design based on the Mixed procedure. A comparison of average treatments and age of nurse bees was done using a protected t-test. The results are reported as least squares mean with standard error.
Results and discussion: In the treatments of syrup and sweet paste with supplements, as well as the average of different ages, a significant difference was observed in the growth of hypopharyngeal glands, so that the highest growth was at 9 days, then at 6 days, at 12 days, and finally at 3 days (P < 0.05), while in the control treatment, there was no significant difference in the growth of hypopharyngeal glands at different ages. Comparing the average of different treatments as well as the ages of 6 and 9 days, the highest growth of hypopharyngeal glands was in the sucrose syrup treatment with supplements, which was significantly different from the other two treatments (P < 0.05). The trend of head and chest weight changes in the sucrose syrup treatment with supplements was different from the other two treatments in a way that at the ages of 6, 9, and 12 days, the head weight was significantly higher than at the age of 3 days (P < 0.05). The results of the experiment also showed that the weight of the bee head has a positive correlation with the growth of the hypopharyngeal glands and can be used as an indicator of the growth rate of the hypopharyngeal glands. In the present experiment, the nurse bees' head weight and the growth rate of hypopharyngeal gland acini at six days and nine days in syrup treatment with supplements were higher compared to other ages, which is consistent with the report of another researcher who reported that amino acid supplement feeding causes colony growth. The bees who received Prody 400 had a higher breast weight compared to the control group. Other research reports also showed that the chest weight of honey bees increases when using amino acid supplements. This issue is important from the point of view that the flight muscle mass increases bee grazing and, consequently, colony growth. Adult honey bees, which are responsible for grazing, need strong flight muscles of the thorax to collect pollen and nectar. The fresh and dry weight of the thorax is a measure of flight muscle growth.
Conclusions: From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the use of the Prody 400 supplement, which contains amino acids, minerals and vitamins, during the absence or deficiency of protein substances (pollen) can affect the growth of hypopharyngeal glands as well as growth. The chest has a positive effect on better performance in the grazing periods of honey bees. Also, the use of this supplement increases the colony population by strengthening the nurse bees to produce more royal jelly. The results of this experiment also show that the head weight of nurse bees has a positive correlation with the growth of hypopharyngeal glands and can be used as an indicator of the degree of growth of hypopharyngeal glands.
)