اثر فرآوری پر خام مرغ گوشتی بر فراسنجه های تجزیه پذیری شکمبه ای و شاخص هضم پذیری در سامانه های AFRC و NorFor

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

هدف از مطالعه حاضر، تعیین اثر نوع فرآوری پر خام مرغ گوشتی بر تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای ماده خشک و پروتئین خام آن بود. این پژوهش با روش فاکتوریل 2×2×2 در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تیمار و پنج تکرار شامل: 1) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 120 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال به‌مدت 20 دقیقه، 2) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 120 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال به‌مدت 20 دقیقه و 25/0 درصد سدیم متابی­سولفیت، 3) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 120 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال و 15/0 درصد آنزیم پروتئاز، 4) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 120 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال به‌مدت 20 دقیقه و 25/0 درصد سدیم متابی­سولفیت و 15/0 درصد آنزیم پروتئاز، 5) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 100 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال به‌مدت 20 دقیقه، 6) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 100 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال به‌مدت 20 دقیقه و 25/0 درصد سدیم متابی­سولفیت، 7) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 100 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال و 15/0 درصد آنزیم پروتئاز، 8) پر خام اتوکلاو شده در دمای 100 درجه سلسیوس و فشار 2 کیلوپاسکال به‌مدت 20 دقیقه و 25/0 درصد سدیم متابی­سولفیت و 15/0 درصد آنزیم پروتئاز انجام شد. بخش­های مختلف پروتئین با استفاده از معادلات شورای تحقیقات کشاورزی و غذایی و همچنین، فراسنجه­های تجزیه­پذیری با روش نورفور تعیین شد. فراسنجه­های تجزیه­پذیری و تجزیه­پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای ماده خشک و پروتئین خام با انکوباسیون شکمبه­ای در زمان­های مختلف انکوباسیون در گوسفندان نژاد زل دارای فیستولای شکمبه­ای تعیین شد. مطالعه داده­های تجزیه­پذیری ماده­ خشک نشان داد که بخش سریع تجزیه­پذیر، بالقوه تجزیه­پذیر و نرخ ثابت تجزیه، تفاوت معنی­داری داشتند (05/0>P). تجزیه­پذیری مؤثر در نرخ عبور 2، 5 و 8 درصد در ساعت در تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر آماری معنی­دار بود (05/0>P). نتایج تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای پروتئین خام نشان دادند که از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی­داری بین بخش پروتئین خام سریع تجزیه­پذیر، بالقوه تجزیه­پذیر و همچنین، نرخ ثابت تجزیه پروتئین خام وجود داشت (05/0>P). طبق نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش می­توان دریافت که استفاده از سدیم متابی­سولفیت در فرآوری پر خام سبب افزایش بخش ماده­ خشک و پروتئین خام سریع تجزیه­پذیر، بخش بالقوه تجزیه­پذیر، نرخ ثابت تجزیه و همچنین، تجزیه­پذیری مؤثر در نرخ عبور 2 و 5  درصد در ساعت شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of broiler raw feather processing on ruminal degradability parameters and digestibility index in AFRC and NorFor systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Nouri
  • A. Teimouri Yansari
  • Y. Chashnidel
Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Sciences Faculty, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Rising prices for common protein supplements and the limitation of protein sources and as a result, the increase in production costs have created interest in new and cheaper protein sources for livestock. Livestock and poultry industries produce large amounts of protein by-products that can be processed for ruminant feed. Among animal by-products, feathers are produced as a waste by-product in large quantities in poultry slaughterhouses. Unprocessed feather has a low digestibility of about 5.8%, so it needs to be processed as a source of protein. Steam hydrolysis is the most common processing method used in the industry to convert raw feathers into feather meal. Feather processing in Iran is usually done at a pressure of 200 to 300 kPa. Due to the type of processing, feathers are not processed well. In this way, processing at different temperatures and using chemical reducing agents along with proteases during processing to improve the quality of the final product is an option that deserves further investigation. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of broiler raw feather processing on dry matter and crude protein ruminal degradability.
Materials and methods: This research was carried out in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replications including: 1) Raw feathers autoclaved at 120°C and 2 kPa pressure for 20 minutes, 2) Raw feathers autoclaved at 120°C and 2 kPa pressure for 20 minutes with 0.25% sodium metabisulfite, 3) Raw feathers autoclaved at 120°C and 2 kPa pressure with 0.15% protease enzyme, 4) Raw feathers autoclaved 120°C and 2 kPa pressure for 20 minutes with 0.25% sodium metabisulfite and 0.15% of protease enzyme, 5) Raw feathers autoclaved at 100°C and 2 kPa pressure for 20 minutes, 6) Raw feathers autoclaved at 100°C and 2 kPa pressure for 20 minutes with 0.25% sodium metabisulfite, 7) Raw feathers autoclaved at 100°C and 2 kPa pressure with 0.15% protease enzyme, 8) Raw feathers autoclaved at 100°C and 2 kPa pressure for 20 minutes with 0.25% sodium metabisulfite and 0.15% of protease enzyme. Protein fractions were determined using the Agricultural and Food Research Council equations, as well as degradability parameters using the NorFor method. Ruminal degradability and effective degradability parameters of dry matter and crude protein were determined by rumen incubation at different incubation times inside the rumen of three Zel sheep with rumen fistula.
Results and discussion: The study of dry matter degradability data shows that there was a statistically significant difference between the rapidly degradable and the potentially degradable fractions, as well as the constant rate (P>0.05), however, there was no statistically significant difference among the slowly degradable fractions. The effective degradability was statistically significant at the rate of 2, 5, and 8% per hour in the experimental treatments (P>0.05). The results of the ruminal degradability of crude protein showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions, as well as the constant rate of crude protein degradation (P>0.05), however, there was no statistically significant difference among the slowly degradable fractions. The effective degradability of crude protein was statistically significant at the passage rate of 2, 5, and 8% per hour in experimental treatments (P>0.05). So that, the raw feathers processing increased the rapidly degradable fraction, the potentially degradable fraction, the constant rate of dry matter, and crude protein degradation, and also the effective degradability at the passage rates of 2, 5, and 8% per hour.
Conclusions: According to the results of this research, it can be seen that the use of sodium metabisulfite for the processing of raw feathers increased the rapidly degradable, potentially degradable fraction, and the constant rate, and also the effective degradability in the passage rate of 2 and 5% per hour of dry matter and crude protein. Also, the processing of raw feathers with protease enzyme increased the rapidly degradable part, potentially degradable fraction, constant rate, and effective degradability in the passage rate of 5 and 8% per hour of dry matter and crude protein.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Protease enzyme
  • Degradability
  • Feather meal
  • Processing
  • Digestibility

مراجع

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 71-88

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