اثر افزودن بتائین و کولین به جیره های با سطوح پایین تر متیونین بر صفات تولیدی، کیفیت تخم مرغ، شاخص های خونی و صفات پاداکسندگی خون مرغ های تخم گذار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی اثر افزودن بتائین و کولین در سطوح کاهشی متیونین بر صفات کمّی و کیفی تخم­مرغ، شاخص­های خونی و صفات پاداکسندگی خون و تخم­مرغ تخم­گذار سویه بونز انجام شد. در این آزمایش از 315 قطعه مرغ تخم­گذار سویه بونز در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل 3×3 شامل سه سطح متیونین (سطوح 80، 90 و 100 درصد متیونین) و سه مکمل (بدون مکمل، 15/0 درصد بتائین و 15/0 درصد کولین) با نه تیمار، هفت تکرار و پنج قطعه مرغ برای هر تکرار انجام شد. آثار متقابل نشان داد پرندگان در 32 تا 35 هفتگی، در سطح 100 درصد متیونین، کمترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک (05/0P<) و بیشترین گرم توده تخم­مرغ تولیدی (01/0P<) را در مقایسه با گروه متیونین 80 درصد نشان دادند. در سن 36 تا 39 هفتگی، بیشترین وزن تخم­مرغ تولیدی مربوط به سطح 100 درصد متیونین (01/0P<) بود. بیشترین میانگین شاخص رنگ زرده در پایان دوره اول و دوم (01/0P<) به­ترتیب مربوط به سطح 100 درصد متیونین و 15/0 درصد بتائین و سطح 90 درصد متیونین و 15/0 درصد کولین بود. کمترین غلظت کلسترول و تری­گلیسرید خون در سطح 90 درصد بدون مکمل مشاهده شد (05/0P<). کمترین غلظت کلسترول زرده در تیمار سطح 100 درصد متیونین و 15 درصد بتائین مشاهده شد (01/0P<). با توجه به اینکه بتائین و کولین هر دو از گروه­های دهنده متیل هستند و متیونین نیز در حضور این دو مکمل عملکرد بهتری را نشان داد، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که مکمل بتائین با جیره کم متیونین، بدون هیچ تأثیر منفی بر بهره­وری عملکرد تخم­گذاری، باعث بهبود کیفیت تخم­مرغ و کولین باعث کاهش کلسترول خون و پایداری اکسیداتیو تخم­مرغ می ­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of betaine and choline supplementation on productivity, egg quality, blood parameters, and antioxidant levels in laying hens fed low-methionine diets

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Javadifar 1
  • S. J. Hosseini-Vashan 1
  • A. Hassanabadi 2
  • H. Sarir 1
1 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Methionine is an essential amino acid that plays a vital role in many physiological processes in birds. In birds fed corn-soybean diets, it is the first limiting amino acid. The amount of methionine in a bird's diet should be appropriate for its age, production requirements, and physiological needs. An imbalanced amino acid composition in a bird's diet can lead to increased feed costs, reduced protein intake, and a greater environmental impact, all of which affect the sustainability of poultry production. A methionine deficiency can result in reductions in body weight, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass in laying hens. However, certain reactions can be partially compensated for by methyl donor compounds such as choline and betaine, which can act as partial substitutes for methionine. Choline is a precursor of betaine and a beta-hydroxy trimethylammonium hydroxide compound. Its metabolic functions are well-defined and include cell structure formation, liver fat regulation, inhibition of lipolysis, production of acetylcholine, and provision of methyl groups. Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is an organic compound obtained from sugar beet molasses. It is also synthesized in the body from choline and plays a role in providing methyl groups and regulating osmotic pressure in all vertebrates. In poultry, it is estimated that betaine can provide up to 25% of the required choline. To date, few studies have examined the combined impact of choline and betaine supplementation on reducing the methionine requirements of poultry, particularly laying quails. Given the economic viability of using betaine and choline in poultry feed and the limited information available on laying hens, a study was conducted to determine the effect of betaine and choline supplementation at reduced levels of methionine on egg production and quality traits, blood indices, and blood and egg antioxidant properties in Bovans strain laying hens.
Materials and methods: In this experiment, 315 laying hens of the Bovans strain were arranged in a completely randomized design using a 3×3 factorial arrangement, including three levels of methionine (80%, 90%, and 100%) and three supplements (no supplement, 0.15% betaine, and 0.15% choline), with nine treatments, seven replications, and five hens for each replication. Following a 10-day adaptation period, the birds were randomly assigned to experimental units. The birds were fed the dietary treatments over two 28-day periods. On the last two days of each period, four eggs from each replication were collected to evaluate egg quality traits including the egg shape index, specific weight, Haugh unit, yolk height, yolk color index, the relative weight of the yolk, the albumen and the eggshell, and the eggshell thickness. Blood samples were taken from two birds in each replicate at the end of the experimental period to determine biochemical indices. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS software.
Results and discussion: The results revealed a significant interaction between the treatments. Birds fed diets containing 100% methionine had the lowest feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) and the highest egg mass at 32–35 weeks of age (P<0.01) compared to those fed diets containing 80% methionine. At 36–39 weeks of age, birds fed a diet containing 100% methionine exhibited the highest egg weight (P<0.01). The yolk color index increased in birds fed 100% methionine with a 0.15% betaine level and 90% methionine with a 0.15% choline level at the end of the first and second periods, respectively (P<0.01). Blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations decreased in birds fed the 90% diet without supplementation (P<0.05). Diets containing 100% methionine and a 15% betaine treatment decreased yolk cholesterol concentration (P<0.01). These results suggest that the recommended level of methionine is necessary to maintain egg production and mass.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that 100% of the methionine required by laying hens was needed to maximize egg production. However, adding betaine to a low-methionine diet improved egg quality, while choline supplementation improved antioxidant status in the blood and eggs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Betaine
  • Egg mass
  • Yolk color index
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Laying hen

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 15، شماره 2
تیر 1405
صفحه 45-61

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