Akhlaghi A. and Zamiri M. J. 2007. Effect of transient prepubertal hypothyroidism on serum testosterone level
and seminal characteristics of chickens. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 8: 23-31.
Aviagen. 2007. Ross308 parent stock management manual. Aviagen Incorporated Cumming Research Park.
Huntsville, Alabama.
Bajpai P. K. 1963. The effect of photoperiodicity on semen characteristics of poultry. Poultry Science, 42: 462-
465.
Bakst M. R. 1980. Fertilizing capacity and morphology of fowl and turkey spermatozoa in hypotonic extender.
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 60: 121-127.
Bakst M. R. 2011. Physiology and endocrinology symposium: role of the oviduct in maintaining sustained
fertility in hens. Journal of Animal Science, 89: 1323-1329.
Brehm R., Zeiler M., Ruttinger C., Herde K., Kibschull M., Winterhager E., Willecke K., Guillou F., Lecureuil
C. and Steger K. 2007. A sertoli cellspecific knockout of connexin43 prevents initiation of spermatogenesis.
American Journal of Pathology, 171: 19-31.
Buzzard J. J., Morrison J. R., O’Bryan M. K., Song Q. and Wreford N. G. 2000. Developmental expression of
thyroid hormone receptors in the rat testis. Biology of Reproduction, 62: 664-669.
Capel B. 2000. The battle of the sexes. Mechanisms of Development, 92: 89-103.
Ganong W. F. 2005. Review of medical physiology. 22nd Edn., McGraw-Hill publication. PP: 302-310.
Gilleron J., Nebout M., Scarabelli L., Senegas-Balas F., Palmero S., Segretain D. and Pointis G. 2006. A
potential novel mechanism involving connexin 43 gap junction for control of Sertoli cell proliferation by
thyroid hormones. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 209: 153-161.
Holsberger D. R. and Cooke P. S. 2005. Understanding the role of thyroid hormone in sertoli cell development: a
mechanistic hypothesis. Cell and Tissue Research, 322: 133-140.
Jacquet M.J., Seigneurin F. and deReviers M. 1993. Effect of thyroxine on testicular function, circulating
luteinising hormone & pituitary sensitivity to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone in the cockerel. British
Poultry Science, 34: 803-814.
Jannini E. A., Crescenzi A., Rucci N., Screponi E., Carosa E., deMatteis A., Macchia E., d’Amati G. and
d’Armiento M. 2000. Ontogenetic pattern of thyroid hormone receptor expression in the human testis.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85: 3453-3457.
Jiang J. Y., Umezu M. and Sato E. 2000. Improvement of follicular development rather than gonadotropin
secretion by thyroxine treatment in infertile immature hypothyroid rdw rats. Journal of Reproduction and
Fertility, 119: 193-199.
Jones J. E., Hughes B. L. and Wall K. A. 1977. Effect of light intensity and source on tom reproduction. Poultry
Science, 56: 1417-1420.
Joseph N. S., Robinson F. E., Renema R. A. and Zuidhof M. J. 2002. Effects of age at photostimulation on
reproductive efficiency in three strains of broiler breeders varying in breast yield. Journal of Applied Poultry
Research, 11: 308-319.
Keeling L. J. and Gonyou H. W. 2001. Social behaviour in farm animal. CABI International publication, PP:
307-331.
Kirby J. D., Mankar M. V., Hardesty D. and Kreider D. L. 1996. Effects of transient prepubertal 6-N-propyl-2-
thiouracil treatment on testis development and function in the domestic fowl. Biology of Reproduction, 55:
910-916.
Knowlton J. A., Siopes T. D., Roads M. L. and Kirby J. D. 1999. Effect of transient treatment with 6-N-propyl-
2-thiouracil on testis development and function in breeder turkeys. Poultry Science, 78: 999-1005.
Lewis P. 2009. Lighting for broiler and turkey breeders. Lohman Information, 44: 49-56.
Livak J. K. and Schmittgen D. T. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real-Time Quantitative
PCR and the 2-
CT Method. Methods, 25: 402-408.
Orth J. M., Gunsalus G. L. and Lamperti A. A. 1988. Evidence from sertoli cell depleted rats indicates that
spermatid number in adults depends on numbers of sertoli cells produced during perinatal development.
Endocrinology, 122: 787-794.
Palmero S., Prati M., Bolla F. and Fugassa E. 1995. Tri-iodothyronine directly affects rat sertoli cell proliferation
and differentiation. Journal of Endocrinology, 145: 355-362.
Pointis G., Gilleron J., Carette D. and Segretain D. 2010. Physiological and physiopathological aspects of
connexins and communicating gap junctions in spermatogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 365: 1607-1620.
Ross A. J. and Capel B. 2005. Signaling at the crossroads of gonad development. Trends in Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 16: 19-25.
SAS. 1996. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Users Guide Rev. 04, SAS Institue, Cary, North Carolina.
Satterlee D. G., Hester A., LaRay K. and Schmidt J. B. 2008. Influences of maternal corticosterone and selection
for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness in Japanese quail on developmental instability of female
progeny. Poultry Science, 87: 1504-1509.
Tsukada A., Ohkubo T., Sakaguchi K., Tanaka M., Nakashima K., Hayashida K., Wakita M. and Hoshino S.
1996. Thyroid hormones are involved in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production by regulating growth
hormone receptor (GHR) in the chicken. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews, 8: 253 (abs).
Tyler N. C. and Gous R. M. 2008. The effect of constant photoperiod on testis weight and the use of comb area
to predict testis weights in broiler breeder males. South African Journal of Animal Science, 38: 153-158.
Wagner M., Magaginin S. and Maia A. L. 2008. The role of thyroid hormone on testicular development and
function. Journal of Endocrinology, 199: 351-365.
Yoshida S., Sukeno M. and Nakagawa T. 2006. The first round of mouse spermatogenesis is a distinctive program that lacks the self-renewing spermatogonia stage. Development, 133: 1495-1505.