Arthur, G. H., Noakes, D. E. and Pearson H. 1996.
Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. Saunders
Company Limited, London, 7:356-374.
Bartlett, D. C., Kirk, J. H. and Mather E. C. 1986.
Repeated insemination in Michigan Holstein
Friesion cattle. Incidence, descriptive epidemiology
and estimated economic impact. Theriogenology,
26:309- 322.
Bartlett, P. C., Kirk, J. H., Wilke, M. A., Kaneene, J.
B. and Mather E. C. 1986. Metritis complex in
Michigan Holstein Friesian cattle incidence,
descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic
impact. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 4:235- 248.
Bondurant R. H. 1999. Inflammation in the bovine
female reproductive tract. Animal Science, 77:101-
111.
Bonnett, B. N. and Martin S. W. 1995. Path analysis
of peripartum and postpartum events, rectal
palpation findings, endometrial biopsy results and
reproductive performance in Holstein Friesian dairy
cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 21:279-288.
Borsberry, S. and Dobson H. 1989. Periparturient
diseases and their effect on reproductive
performance in five dairy herds. Veterinary Record,
124:217-219.
Brunn, J., Ersboll, A. K., and Alban L. 2002. Risk
factors for metritis in Danish dairy cows. Preventive
Veterinary Medicine, 54:179-190.
Cobo-Abreu, R., Martin, S. W., Stone, J. B. and
Willoughby R. H. 1979. Associations between
disease, production and culling in a university dairy
herd. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 20: 191-195.
Corea, M. T., Erb, H. and Scarlet J. 1993. Path
analysis for seven postpartum disorders of Holstein
cow. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(5): 1305- 1312.
Deluyker, H. A., Gay, J. M., Weaver, L. D. and
Azari A. S. 1991. Change of milk yield with clinical
diseases for a high producing dairy herd. Journal of
Dairy Science, 74: 436- 445.
Dohoo, I. R., and Martin S. W. 1984. Disease,
production and culling in Holstein Friesian cows.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2:755- 770.
Erb, H. N., Martin, S. W., Tson, N. and Swamina S.
1981. Inter relationship between production diseases
in Holstein cows. Conditional relationship between
production and diseases. Journal of Dairy Science,
64: 272.
Fourichon, C., Seegers, H. and Malherx S. 2000.
Effect of disease on reproduction in the dairy cow a
meta analysis. Theriogenology, 53: 1729- 1759.
Ghanem, M., Shalaby, A., Sharawy, H. and Saleh,
N. 2002. Factors leading to endometritis in dairy
cows in Egypt with special reference to reproductive
performance. Journal of Reproduction and
Development, 48(4): 371- 375.
Grohn, Y. T., and Rajala-schultz, P. J. 2000.
Epidemiology of reproductive performance in dairy
cows. Animal Reproduction, 61: 605- 614.
Holt, L. C., Whittier, W. D., Gwazdausk, F. C. and
Vinson, W. E. 1989. Early postpartum reproductive
profiles in Holstein cows with retained placenta and
uterine discharge. Journal of Dairy Science, 72: 533-
539.
Kim, H. and Gukang, H. 2003. Risk factors for
postpartum endometritis on reproductive
performance in dairy cows in Korea. Journal of
Reproduction and Development, 49:485-491.
Knutti, B., Busato, A., and Kupfer, U. 2000.
Reproductive efficiency of cows with endometritis
after treatment with intrauterine infusions or
prostaglandin injections or no treatment. Journal of
Veterinary Medicine, 47: 609- 615.
Labernia, J., Lopez-gatiue, F., Santolaria, P.,
Hanzen, C. and Houtain, J. Y. 2000. Influence of
calving season on the interactions among
reproductive disorders of dairy cows. Journal of
Dairy Science, 41: 177- 185.
Leblance, S. J., Duffield, T. K. and Leslie, K. E.
2002. Defining and its impact on reproductive
performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy
Science, 85:2223-2236.
Lewis, G. S. 1997. Uterine health and disorders.
Journal of Dairy Science, 80:984-994.
Lucey, S., Rolands, G. J. and Russel, A. 1986. Short
term associations between disease and milk yield
and reproductive performance. Journal of Dairy
Science, 53: 7- 15.
Monge, A., Elvira, L., Gonzalez, J. V., Astiz, S. And
Wellenberg, G. J. 2005. Bovine herpesvirus4
associated postpartum metritis in a Spanish dairy
herd. Veterinary Science, 80: 120- 125.
Osman, A. M. 1984. Ovarian inactivity and repeat
breeder syndrome in buffaloes with possible
treatment. Journal of Egypt Veterinary Medicine, 44: 85- 98.
Palmer, C. 2003. Postpartum metritis in cattle.
Canadian Veterinary Medicine, 8(3): 117- 128.
Quintela, L. A., Pana, A. L., Taboada, M. J., Alonso,
G., Varelafortes, B. and Herradom, P. G. 2004. Risk
factors for low pregnancy rate in dairy cattle.
Veterinary Medicine, 53: 69- 76.
Rajala, D. J. and Grohn, Y. T. 1998. Effect of
dystocia, retained placenta, and metritis on milk
yield in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 81:
3172- 3181.
SAS.1996. SAS/STAT User’s Guide (Release 6.12).
SAS Inst. INC., Cary, Nc.
Sheldon, I. M. and Dobson, H. M. 2004. Postpartum
uterine health in cattle. Animal Reproduction
Science, 82: 295- 306.
Werven, T., Schuken, Y. H. Lloyd, J., Brand, A.,
Heeringa, H. T. J. and Shea, M. 1992. The effect of
retained placenta on reproduction, milk production,
postpartum disease and culling rate. Theriogenology, 37: 1191- 1203.
)