اثر افزودن سرکه چوب در آب آشامیدنی بر عملکرد رشد، اجزای لاشه و فلور میکروبی روده کوچک جوجه های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

2 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی اثر سرکه چوب بر عملکرد رشد، فلور میکروبی روده و کیفیت لاشه با تعداد 540 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش تیمار، شش تکرار و 15 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار به­مدت 42 روز انجام شد. تیمارها شامل شاهد منفی (بدون سرکه چوب)، شاهد مثبت (اسیدی فایر تجاری) و سایر تیمارها به­ترتیب حاوی 5/1، 5/3، 5/5 و 5/7 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب در یک لیتر آب آشامیدنی بودند. خصوصیات عملکردی به­صورت هفتگی و دوره­ای بررسی شدند. در پایان دوره، وزن اندام­های داخلی دو پرنده از هر تکرار محاسبه شد. به­منظور بررسی میکروفلور روده، در 21 و 42 روزگی، از محتویات ژژنوم دو قطعه جوجه از هر تکرار، نمونه­برداری شد. در دوره رشد و کل دوره، تیمار حاوی 5/3 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب باعث بهبود افزایش وزن نسبت به تیمار شاهد منفی شد (05/0>P). تیمارهای حاوی 5/3 و 5/5 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب سبب افزایش وزن بورس و کاهش چربی بطنی شدند (05/0>P). تعداد لاکتوباسیلوس­ها در 21 روزگی در تیمارهای حاوی 5/3 و 5/5 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب و در 42 روزگی در تیمارهای حاوی 5/3، 5/5 و 5/7 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب نسبت به شاهد منفی، افزایش معنی­داری یافتند (05/0>P). تعداد باکتری­های کلی­باسیل در 21 روزگی در تیمارهای حاوی 5/3 و 5/7 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب نسبت به تیمار شاهد منفی، کاهش معنی­داری یافت (05/0>P). در کل، نتایج نشان داد که افزودن 5/3 میلی­لیتر سرکه چوب در یک لیتر آب آشامیدنی، ضمن بهبود عملکرد رشد سبب بهبود میکروفلور در جوجه­های گوشتی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of adding wood vinegar to drinking water on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and microflora populations of the small intestine in broiler chickens

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Abdinezhad 1
  • A. Mohit 1
  • M. Mohammadi 1
  • M. M. Sohani 2
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Wood vinegar (WV) is a liquid biomaterial produced by the thermo-pyrolysis of wood biomass and defined as a red-brown water-based liquid. It is a natural, non-toxic, safe, low-cost, and universal product suitable for use as an additive in animal feed, as a preventative antibiotic, and as a growth promoter. It has been shown to inhibit bacteria, leading to healthier poultry and higher yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, carcass quality, and microbial population parameters of broilers.
Materials and methods: A total of 540 one-day-old chicks (Ross-308) were used in a 42-day feeding trial. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replicates (15 chicks per replicate). The experimental treatments were: 1) negative control (NC, without wood vinegar in drinking water), 2) positive control (PC, commercial acidifier supplemented in drinking water), 3) 1.5 mL wood vinegar in one liter drinking water, 4) 3.5 mL wood vinegar in one liter drinking water, 5) 5.5 mL wood vinegar in one liter drinking water, and 6) 7.5 mL wood vinegar in one liter drinking water. Experimental diets were formulated for three phases: starter (1-10 days old), grower (11-24 days old), and finisher (25-42 days old). During the experimental period, average daily feed intake (ADFI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At the end of the experiment, two birds were selected from each replicate and slaughtered after weighing, and the weight of the internal organs (breast, thigh, wing, back, heart, liver, abdominal fat, pancreas, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and Spleen) was measured. On days 21 and 42, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered to collect intestinal digesta and evaluate the intestinal microflora. To this end, dilution was first carried out and then linearly distributed onto the surface of the culture plates. After the incubation period, the bacterial colonies were counted using a colony counter, and the results were expressed as log10 colony-forming units per gram of sample. The MRS agar plates were incubated anaerobically at 39◦C for 24-48 hours, while the MacConkey agar plates were incubated aerobically at 39◦C for the same duration to ensure optimal growth conditions for Enterobacteriaceae. Data were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) of the SAS program, and treatment means were compared using Tukey's test at P<0.05.
Results and discussion: No significant differences in feed intake were observed between the groups during the starter, grower, finisher, and whole periods. It can be concluded that adding wood vinegar to drinking water has no significant effect on the feed consumption of broiler chickens. This suggests that wood vinegar does not contribute nutritionally (e.g., by providing energy, protein, vitamins, or minerals) to the diet. Instead, its potential benefits may stem from the general properties of its organic compounds, which could enhance gastrointestinal health and immune function. BWG and FCR in the initial and final periods were not affected by the experimental treatments. During the growth and whole periods, treatment containing 3.5 mL of wood vinegar improved weight gain compared to the negative control treatment (P<0.05). The use of wood vinegar in treatments containing 3.5 and 5.5 mL of wood vinegar increased the bursa of Fabricius weight and decreased abdominal fat without any negative effect on carcass characteristics, breast, and thigh weights (P<0.05). The bursa of Fabricius has an essential role in the poultry immune system. The increased weight of the bursa of Fabricius in wood vinegar-consuming treatments probably indicates an improvement in their immune system. The performance of poultry is significantly influenced by its health and safety status. A weak immune system causes weight loss when exposed to infectious diseases, so the use of immunostimulants can enhance performance by improving immune status. The Lactobacillus population showed a significant increase (P<0.05) compared to the negative control at 21 days of treatment with 3.5 and 5.5 mL of wood vinegar, and at 42 days of treatment with 3.5 and 5.5 mL of wood vinegar, respectively. The count of Colibacillus bacteria exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05) at 21 days of age in treatments supplemented with 3.5 and 7.5 mL of wood vinegar relative to the negative control group. The use of wood vinegar in poultry drinking water improved microbial population by increasing the number of lactobacilli and reducing the population of Colibacillus bacteria, and improved the growth efficiency of broiler chickens.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of 3.5 mL of wood vinegar to one liter of drinking water could increase the growth and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler
  • Growth performance
  • Gut microflora
  • Wood vinegar

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تحقیقات تولیدات دامی
دوره 14، شماره 3
آذر 1404
صفحه 77-91

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